Comparative morphology of the lower gastrointestinal tract of experimental animals and humans

In this review, a have been continued comparative study of gastrointestinal tract of the human and laboratory animals the most widely used in pre-clinical studies (rats, mice, hamsters, rabbits, guinea pigs). Generalized data on the comparative morphology of the organs of the lower part of the digestive system - the small and large intestine -are presented. The both anatomical and histological structure of the intestine has a common morphological principle characteristic of mammals. However, there are a number of features that have arisen as a result of different types of food species. Especially it affected the cecum, which in humans is the shortest, and in animals it lengthens, bends and reaches considerable dimensions in guinea pigs. The large saccule caecum is characteristic of herbivores as it is a reservoir of enzymatic and microbiological treatment of chime. The duodenum in humans and rodents is similar in its anatomical structure and topography and it is possible to determine only some differences in the topography of the excretory sections of the bile and pancreatic ducts. The intestine in rabbits is considerably longer than in the other examined species with the bile and pancreatic ducts separated by a considerable distance. The small intestine of rabbits has a number of anatomical landmarks, due to which it can be clearly divided into iliac and skinny which is not observed in other species. In humans, mice and guinea pigs one mesentery fixes the intestine while two in rabbits, rats and hamsters are isolated. The mucous membrane of the human intestine has circular folds that are absent in animals. The long, smooth, devoid of pronounced semilunar folds colon in animals continues with the prerectum, while in the human separates a sigmoid colon with its mesentery. The rectum has an ampoule only in humans, rats and rabbits. The cellular structure of the wall of the small and large intestine is fundamentally monotonous and has insignificant structural features. The circulatory, lymphatic and nervous systems of the digestive system are also extremely similar between animals and humans.

лабораторные животные, сравнительная морфология, желудочно-кишечный тракт, тонкая кишка, толстая кишка, laboratory animals, comparative morphology, gastrointestinal tract, small intestine, large intestine

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