ANATOMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE AVIAN UTERUS OF THE OVIDUCT IN A CHICKEN

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to study the features of the macro- and microscopic structure of the avian uterus in the hen of the Haysex white cross. The objects of the study were 10 carcasses of adult hens, cross-hysex white, aged 160-180 days. To study the structure of the oviduct, the method of conventional and fine dissection was used. For histological examination, the material was fixed in a 10% aqueous solution of neutral formalin, followed by pouring into paraffin. As a result of our research, we noted that the avian uterus of the oviduct is a sac-like expansion of the oviduct, where the process of mineralization and egg shell coating is carried out. The mucous membrane of the bird's uterus in a chicken is assembled into primary, secondary and tertiary folds covered with a multi-row ciliated epithelium, with the presence of cambial, ciliated and goblet-shaped cells with densely arranged tubular glands. The nuclei of round-oval cells are compressed from the sides, located at different levels. The ducts of the tubular glands open to the surface of the folds. On the mucous membrane there are folds in the form of leaf-shaped plates, which are located longitudinally, covered with columnar ciliated epithelium. The mucous membrane of the avian uterus occupies 61.9% of the wall thickness, is represented by a multi-row ciliated epithelium. At the heart of its own plate of the mucous membrane of the avian uterus lies a large number of tubular glands. Due to the active secreting function, the mucous membrane of the avian uterus is 2.4 times larger than the thickness of the muscular membrane. The muscle membrane, occupying 26.3% of the wall thickness, consists of 5 -6 layers of longitudinal 4 layers of circular bundles of smooth muscle fibers, between which bundles of collagen and elastic fibers are located. The serous membrane accounts for 13.4% of the entire thickness of the uterine wall.