An integrated approach to the problem of the spread of antibiotic resistance in livestock enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region

Over the past decade, research has been directed to reduce the development of microbial resistance. However, even with strict regulation of the use of antimicrobial drugs, the problem of resistance remains. The problem of the emergence of resistant strains that can be transmitted to humans is also increasing, especially with consuming animal products. The above facts are becoming a problem in the fight against such a disease as mastitis, the treatment of which is based on the use of antimicrobial drugs. As a result, research aimed at studying the sensitivity of mastitis pathogens in cows to antibacterial drugs and the development of approaches to prevent antibiotic resistance spread is relevant. The work was carried out in the period 2023-2024 in the Sverdlovsk region. For microorganism identification a cultural method and MALDI-TOF (mass spectrometry) were used, and sensitivity to antibacterial drugs and disinfectants was also determined using the disk diffusion method in accordance with EUCAST recommendations. For detection of microorganism’s DNA and resistance genes to antimicrobial drugs PCR diagnostics were used. The studies revealed the dominant causative agents of mastitis in cows were S. aureus (100%), E. coli (70-75%), E. faecalis/faecium (60%). The main resistance genes were determined in E. coli isolates – blaCTX-M, blaOXA-10 responsible for resistance to fluoroquinolones, ampicillins; S. aureus – mecA associated with resistance to β-lactams; Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. ErmB – resistance to macrolides; P. аeruginosa blaVIM/blaNDM – resistance to carbapenems. Based on the data obtained, recommendations were given for the implementation of preventive measures on hygiene and disinfection, control of resistance of identified bacterial isolates, herd management, milking optimization, and environmental control on farms.

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