An anaplasmosis is widespread among the cattle of aberdin-anguss breed in the Bryansk area. During clinical examination of animals and microscopy of smears of peripheral blood (level of parasitemia) mainly latent form is marked, acute form of disease was rare. On pastures in most farms using method " a flag" method Dermacentor reticulatus were found in a small amount and these the relatively rare cases of babesiosis are explained to, caused Babesia divergens. Mites of Ixodes ricinus during all period of studies on animals and in natural conditions were not found, that supposes absence of circulation of causative agents of babesiosis of cattle - Babesia bovis. The clinically manifested anaplasmosis is found at reintroduced heifers, in spite of more low level of parasitemia compared to the same index for cows and tribal bulls, that is explained by absence of non-sterile immunity for animals under two years old. Acute form of disease has level of parasitemia more than 25 % and from 2-3 to 6 colonies of Anaplasma marginale are revealed in the infested erythrocytes, an erythropenia and anisocytosis are manifested. A subclinical form is characterized by low or middle level of parasitemia, by the presence of single colonies of Anaplasma marginale, rarely - by 2-3 and in most cases by absence of pathological forms of red blood cells. The mixed form of anaplasmosis and babesiosis occurs not often and is manifested by the fever of permanent type, considerable decline of appetite, shaky gait, anaemicness of mucous membranes. Found in the smears of blood of animals Babesia divergens, in spite of low level of parasitemia, are pathogenic and in case of massive invasion of Anaplas-ma marginale stipulate more heavy form of disease. For etiotropic treatment, recommended to be treated by intramuscular three, fourfold injection of the prolonged antibiotics of the Tetracyclinum group (Oxytron 200) and preparations of Babesan 12 %, Emidonol 10 % in the period of activity of Ixodidae and bloodsucking Diptera.

Opisthorhidosis is a focal anthropozoonotic disease, dangerous for humans and animals, caused by trematodes of the family Opisthorchiidae. Since 2015we have studied the distribution of metacercariae of the family Opisthorthiidaehas been studied in the Vyborg Bay, as well as in the surrounding areas of the Leningrad Region is the Neva Bay, Ladoga Lake, the waters of Sestroretsk and Luga. A total of 831 specimens of nine species of cyprinidfishes were parasitologicallyinvestigated exposed. The species of the parasite was identified by us as Pseudamphistomumtruncatum [3], which was also confirmed by the Finnish colleagues on the base ofmolecular genetic analysis [6]. The study of the spread of a new and dangerous parasite in the Leningrad region requires further research, especially of all links of P. truncatum and its distribution.

The aim of this study was to investigate chronic toxicity and determination of allergenic properties of new anti-mastitis preparation "Alvesol". Chronic toxicity studies were performed on 3 experimental and 1th control groups of Wistar rats. To determine the allergenic properties of the drug used the method of cutaneous applications and conjunctival test on rabbits of the breed "Chinchilla" of both sexes.During the study, hematologic and biochemical blood indices were determined, physiological parameters (ECG, HR, HR, "Open field" test, daily diuresis, general urine analysis). Pathomorpho-logical examination was performed on 30% of the animals of each group 14 days after the last administration of the preparation. During clinical examination of animals of the experimental and control groups, the skin and mucous membranes had a natural color. According to the results of these dynamics of live weight, it was noted that the animals of the experimental groups had a high growth rate in comparison with the control one. The indicators for periodic thermometry were within the reference physiological norm of 37.5-39.0 ° C. During the experiment, no death of laboratory rats was recorded. In the study of allergic properties of the drug for the entire period of the skin, there were no irritations, erythemum, infiltration. The results of the conjunctival test showed that the number of reacted animals is less than 50% of the group, and the observed effect is considered as a manifestation of the individual sensitivity of the drug, according to which the "Alvesol" preparation can not be classified as a potential allergen. Based on the complex of studies, it is established that the drug "Alvesol" for long-term use is harmless for warm-blooded animals, does not have toxic properties during long-term use, allergic and local irritant properties are not expressed.

The results of our studies confirm the positive impact of feeding MRS calves aged 1.5 to 4 months. The results obtained showed that the inclusion of MRS in the diet of calves at a dose of 2 g per 1 kg of live weight of calves, daily 1 time per day, starting from 1.5 months of age to 4 months, contributed to an increase in the absolute live weight of calves in the experimental group by 4.7 kg (3.65%) more than in the control group, the relative average daily gain of live weight by 11.5%. The average intensity of body weight gain in the experimental group was 64.31±0.20, which is 23.24% higher than in the control group. Feeding MRS had a positive influence on the hematological parameters of blood in calves in the experimental group. At the age of 4 months, the number of red blood cells was greater by 16.5% and amounted to 7.63±0.32, leukocytes by 3.71% and amounted to 10.33±0.57, platelets by 1.34% and amounted to 156.31±6.72 at the age of 4 months, the experimental group of bilirubin contained 2.2±0.09, which is 1.8 times less than in the control group. The obtained results testify to positive influence of MRS feeding on growth and development of calves and decrease of metabolic load on an organism of animals.

We analyzed the use of dietary supplements in the farms of Belarus in feeding broiler chickens. The study was conducted in the conditions of poultry farms of the Republic of Belarus: "Vitkonproduct" Shumilinskaya broiler poultry factory, "Gorodok poultry farm" of city distric of Vitebsk region, "Vitebsk broiler poultry factory" of Vitebsk district in Vitebsk region, "Poultry factory Friendship" of the Baranovichi distric of Brest region, "Poultry factory Oranchitskoe" Pruzhany district of Brest region. The aim of the study was to analyze the nature of diets in poultry farms and the formulation of scientific and economic experiments on the addition of biologically active stimulants to the diet. Thus, it was assessed their influence on key indicators of productivity of agricultural poultry. Was produced: Analysis of feed for broiler chickens at poultry farms in the Republic of Belarus and Keeping score, average live weight, average daily gain when added to diets of various biologically active stimulants. Full-fledged high-protein feed KD-P-5 "Starter" (from 1 to 20 days), KD-p-6B "Grover" (from 21 to 33 days), KD-p-6 "Finisher" (from 34 days before slaughter) were used as the main diet for experimental birds; the components of the feed correspond to the technical conditions in the Republic of Belarus. As a result of researches it is revealed: the bird receives full - fledged rations which are balanced on all normative indicators. However, such components as Immunostimulants, probiotics, prebiotics are practically absent in rations. In this regard, the weight gain is on average 40 gr less than was planned at each stage of poultry production. During the experimental studies it was found that the introduction of biologically active additives into the diet of poultry increases the safety of broiler chickens, the average living weight, the average daily increase, normalizes metabolism in young animals, the func tional state of the liver remains. There is also an increase in profitability of production.

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of a new helminthicidal composition "Nichlosafen" on meat - milk productivity and quality of goiter milk of Zaainen breed In the Zaainenskoye ahelmintic goatskins, the average daily milk yield for the second month of lactation, compared to the control group infected with mulleriosis, was 0.8 kg (11.8%) more, for the 3rd month - 2.8 (41.2%) kg , for the 4th month - by 4.4 kg (64.7%), for the 5th month - by 4.5 kg (66.2%). During the third month of lactation, after the appointment with a diet of 20 mg / kg of body weight of Nichlosafen, an increase in the milk productivity of the 1, 2, 3 test groups by 0.2 kg (4.7%) was observed once, compared to the control group infected with mulleriosis, ), 0.4 (9.4%) kg, 2.8 kg (65.1%); for the 4th month of lactation, respectively, by 1.1 kg (29.7%), 1.4 (37.8%) kg, 3.8 kg (103.0%); for the 5-th month - by 3.4 kg (106.3%), 3.6 (112.5%) kg, 4.7 kg (146.9%). During 3, 4 and 5 months of lactation, after Nichlosafen was administered at a dose of 20 mg / kg of body weight, a single increase in the amount of total milk yield in the 1, 2, 3 test groups for 114.0 kg (33.9%), 150.0 (44.6%) kg, 340.5 kg (101.3%). The highly significant difference by the end of the second month of life of goats in the live weight of the experimental and control groups was 2.5 kg in favor of the 3 experimental group infected with mulleriosis and treated with Nilozaphene at a dose of 20 mg / kg body weight, once; at the age of three months - 5.2 kg; in 4 months - 6.9 kg; in 5 months - 6.8 kg and in 6 months - 10.3 kg, (P <0.001). In the Zaainen breeders of the experimental group, after the appointment of the new helminthicidal composition "Nichlosafen" at a dose of 20 mg / kg of body weight, the iodine content in milk increased to 1.04 ± 0.036 pg / l with 38.5%, cobalt 10.6 ± 0.07 pg / l - by 44.3% magnesium to 20.4 ± 1.1 pg / l - by 30.4%, iron to 85.2 ± 3.9 pg / l - increase by 33.8%.

The carried out researches have shown, that fodder supplement « Prinarovskaya» is a safe fodder product. It contains a number of valuable nutrients, such as protein, fat, cellulose, nitrogen -free extractives (BEV), micro - and macroelements, amino acids, water and fat -soluble vitamins and other biologically active substances. Introduction of «Prinarovskaya» of fodder supplement in the composition of mixed fodders and basic rations will allow to reduce the consumption of traditional fodders, reduce their cost and increase the productivity of animals and the profitability of livestock. We recommend the following level of introduction of fodder supplement «Prinarovskaya» into the composition of mixed fodders and feed mixtures: for young poultry of agricultural poultry -4-8%; for adult farming birds 5 -12%; for fur animals, rabbits, nutria - 4-20%, for pigs - 4-12%. In addition, the proposed fodder supplement of fish can be used as a correcting feed additive during critical periods of life of farm animals (transit period for cows gestation, in the period of intensive egg laying, etc.), when animals have an increased need for protein. Fodder supplement "Prinarovskaya" is recommended to be fed to animals in the composition of mixed fodders, fodder mixtures or in addition to the basic ration. The use of fodder supplement "Prinarovskaya" in the feeding of farm animals will ensure the maximum level of high-quality production of farm animals and birds and veterinary well-being on farms and complexes.

Mast cells are able to synthesize many biologically active substances (histamine, prostanoids, neuropeptides, proteases, some cytokines and chemokines) involved in regulation of various processes in organs and tissues in norm and pathology. If damaged, mast cells are activated and secrete the factors they produce in surrounding tissues. The relevance of the study of the pancreatic mast cells is associated with their regulatory function, which is manifested in such socially important diseases of the pancreatic gland as amyloidosis, diabetes mellitus, and pan creatitis. The question of the direct effect of aging on the morphofunctional features of mast cells is still poorly understood. In different organs and tissues, the occurrence of mast cells can either increase or decrease with age. The purpose of this study was a comparative investigation of mast cells in the pancreas of young and aging rats. In Wistar male rats aged 3 months and 18-19 months (n = 8), pancreas was isolated and fixed in a zinc-ethanol-formaldehyde fixative. Paraffin sections 5 pm wide were prepared and stained with toluidine blue to reveal the mast cells. Majority of mast cells were found in the interlobular spaces of the pancreas. They were rarely seen at the acini of lobules. At the locations of the excretory ducts, as well as in the islets of Langerhans, mast cells were practically absent. Single cells were found near the islets, on the border with the exocrine part of the gland. In 3 month-old and aged rats, number of mast cells per square unit were counted in the connective tissue of interlobular space. The density of granular mast cells in the interlobular region of the pancreas of the rat were shown to decrease with aging by approximately 1.5 times. Apparently, the decrease in mast cells is associated with a decrease in the overall immune status of the body during aging.

The purpose of this experiment was to reveal the structural and functional changes in platelets that occur in them under the influence of external factors (electric feld).A galvanic cell was constructed which was a glass capillary with an inner diameter of 0.628 mm length 75 mm (volume = 23.23 mm3) which was filled with the test liquid. the blood of stabilized ЕDТA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). When creating a galvanic cell, the electrode pair was similar to the Leclanche element. A graphite rod and a copper conductor were placed at opposite ends of the capillary. The electrochemical potential was meas ured with a Digital Multimeter Digital DT-832.Before the experiment, blood smears were made. After measuring the potential, blood smears were also made according to a standard procedure, a drop of blood was taken from the side of the graphite rod and the copper conductor. The smears were painted according to Main-Grunwald and Romanovsky-Giemsa Glasses with blood samples were fixed with 1.5% glutaraldehyde solution on phosphate buffer, dehydrated in a series of alcohols of increasing concentration (up to 100%). It was further dried by passing the CO2 critical point, sputtered with gold, and viewed in an electron scanning electron microscope, the Hitachi H-300. In the course of the experiment it was revealed that under the influence of an electric field created by means of a galvanic cell, platelets from cells of normal, diskoid form turned into spherocytes having a number of processes larger than the diameter of the platelets themselves. The altered platelets were assembled into groups of several pieces. Based on registered changes in cells in blood smears, it can be assumed that platelet aggregation occurred due to the action of an electric field in the galvanic cell, which led to platelet fragmentation and increased production of factors involved in blood clotting processes.

The effect of a vitamin B2 solution with a concentration of 0.002% and sodium chloride was studied. The research was carried out in the scientific laboratory of the FGBOU in the Velikolukskaya GSHA on the eggs of the meat chicken F15 White Hubbard, purchased at the Lebyazhie Poultry Breeding Factory, Leningrad Region. The incubation was carried out in an incubator IBL-770. The weight of eggs was from 52 to 61 g. Incubation eggs in the amount of 600 pieces were divided into 2 experimental and control groups. In the first experimental group, the eggs were immersed in a solution of vitamin Riboflavin with a concentration of 0.002% by the method of Suleymanova F.I. and Vavilova O.V. In the second experimental group, the eggs were immersed in a 0.9. sodium chloride solution and allowed to stand for 20 minutes. The control group of eggs was not subjected to pre-incubation treatment. During the work, biological control was carried out by means of ovoscoping. The visual analyzer of embryos was examined in the first 10 days of postnatal ontogenesis. Enucleation of the eyes in 3 chickens from each group was performed. The body weight of the embryo and eyes was determined on an HL-400 balance with an error of ± 0.1 mg. Histologically and morphometrically, they were examined in the eyeballs: the shape and its changes, the size of the eye, the retina, the lens and other structural elements. Vitamin B2 has a positive effect, both on the retina of the eye and on the lens as a whole. It is possible to note the period of active growth of layers of the retina and lens fiber on the 10th day of development, as well as a statistically significant difference in their magnitude. In the experimental group, the number of cells per unit area in the ganglionic layer increased by 33.95 ± 1.12 mkm and 32.52 ± 1.04; the outer glial boundary membrane is 18.05 ± 1.67 and 17.55 ± 1.20 mkm, the outer reticular layer is 13.05 ± 1.35 and 12.53 ± 1.52 mkm, the outer nuclear layer is 11.54 ± 1.35 and 12.53 ± 1.52 mkm. On the histological section, under the influence of riboflavin, thickening of almost all layers is noticeable.

Studied the efficacy of experimental tissue preparation «Bio-TEK» and the complex of organic acids in the prevention of obstetric-gynecological diseases in cows. Found that two doses of tissue preparation «Bio-TEK» at a dose of 10 ml/goal. for 60 and 30 days before delivery in conjunction with the feeding of complex organic acids in the dose of 20 mg/kg of animal weight, orally once a day in two courses. within 5 days 26-30 and 56-60 days before calving reduces the incidence of 53,3%, reduces the period of involution of the genital organs of 27,7 days, number of days of infertility by 36,5 days compared with the control group animals. Also increase the impregnation capacity by 66,6% and the decrease in fertilization from 2,7±0,2 to 1,3±0,3 on the background of improvement of the morphofunctional status of the organism, as evidenced by the results of blood tests. After applying experimental tissue preparation «Bio-TEK» and the complex of organic acids on the optimal scheme in cows increases immunological status, as evidenced by. an increase of а-globulin 8,5%, cholesterol by 10,0%, total protein of blood serum - by 22,2% for 30-32 days before calving, and increased the content of vitamin A -6,4%, glucose - 16,7%, α-globulin - 6,4%, β -globulin by 12,2%, total serum protein -18,2% 14-18 days after calving. Thus, there is a stabilization in the number of albumins and γ-globulins for 30-32 days before and 14 -18 days after calving.

Studies of the structure of the circulatory system of animals are of great theoretical value. The data obtained as a result of their implementation substantially enrich the comparative anatomy and are fundamental for the development of the theory of evolution. In addition, data on the course and branching of the main main vessels can help in the selection of operational access. This applies particularly to extremities, at a fraction of the injuries which account for most of the pathologies of non-infectious nature. Therefore, the objective of this study is to study the characteristics of arterial blood supply to the area of the scapula, the shoulder of the rabbit and to determine the course and branching of the main trunk vessel and give them a morphometric feature. The study was conducted on the dead bodies of five rabbits of different sexes breed German giant at the age of 7-8 months. The study used the methodology of thin anatomical dissection, morphometric analysis of photographs and waterintensive. The suspension of lead minium in turpentine with ethyl rectified alcohol (lead minium 10%, live turpentine 30-60%, alcohol up to 100%) was used as x-ray contrast mass. The injection was carried out by a conventional method through the abdominal aorta. When specifying anatomical terms, the International veterinary anatomical nomenclature of the fifth edition was used. Found that the main arterial trunk supplying the thoracic organs, the limbs of the rabbit breed German giant is the axillary artery. The latter is a continuation of the subclavian artery. Having rounded the first rib, it goes to the medial surface of the shoulder joint. Ahead of the joint gives dorsally directed acromial artery that feeds the abound muscle, and behind it is divided into subtopic and brachial arteries. The subscapular artery is the main blood vessel in the region of the blade. On its way it gives off the thoracodorsal artery, caudal artery circumferential shoulder circumferential artery of the scapula, as well as the numerous muscular branches of the large round muscle, the tensor fascia of the forearm and the triceps muscle of the shoulder. The brachial artery is the main arterial highway in the shoulder area. On its way, it gives cranial circumferential artery of the shoulder, the artery of the biceps muscle, radial collateral artery, deep artery of the shoulder, ulnar collateral artery, as well as the common interosseous artery.

In 2016-2018, the authors performed an autopsy on 91 pigs from fattening groups on pig farms in a number of areas of the European part of the Russian Federation. This article highlights the results of autopsy and additional laboratory tests. The aim of the investigation was to improve pathological diagnosis and differential diagnosis of swine diseases. The task of the publication is to familiarize readers with the results of diagnostic studies and, in particular, with the images of characteristic pathological changes in modern infectious and noninfectious diseases of pigs in fattening groups. The object and material of the study was 91 pigs from fattening groups of pig farms, where the authors conducted an autopsy together with specialists of farms. Postmortem examination was applied the method of "complete evisceration" G. V. Shor. For bacteriological study on streptococcosis of 9 pigs selected a pathological material. the heart and fluid from the heart shirts. For PCR on circovirus took lymph nodes from 2 pigls. From 4 pigls who died from pneumonia of the lungs sampled for PCR on pathogens of enzootic pneumonia (swine mycoplasmosis), actinobacillus pleuropneumonia, gripp and reproductive -respiratory syndrome of pigs. As a result of pathoanatomic diagnostics in the farm, infectious and noninfectious diseases were found in the fattening groups in pigs. infectious diseases in 44.0% of pigts, noninfectious diseases - in 56.0%. Among the infectious diseases identified streptococcosis in 34 pigs (in 37.4% of all the exposed pigs) and circovirus - 6 pigs (6.6% of all the exposed pigs). Among noninfectious diseases, dominated by mycotoxicosis, volvulus, erosive urocystitis and stomach ulcers. The most common cause of death in feeding groups was streptococcosis. Many pigs who fell from streptococcosis and erosive ulcerative urocystitis showed signs of cannibalism in the form of extensive lacerated wounds in the area of tail, anus, and perineum - the obvious gate of microorganisms.

The aim of this work is to estimate the functional state of the epithelium of the mammalian endometrium at different stages of the sexual cycle. For this purpose was used the scanning electron microscopy and the state of the endometrial cytoskeleton of white rats was evaluated at different stages of the sexual cycle. Firstly, the stage of the sexual cycle was established by using the method of vaginal cytology, and then some of the samples were used to make preparations for scanning electron microscopy and coloration on the cytoskeleton cycle. The number of animals used to study each stage of the sexual cycle was 5. In diestrus, typical atrophy of endometrial cells is observed. During this period, was recorded the intensive output of white blood cells and lymphocytes into the uterine cavity. By the time of the proestrus, the picture changes sharply, the surface of the endometrium increases, due to the formation of full folds. In this case, a large number of microvilli is seen. In metestrous, despite the protrusion of the endometrium, the microvilli do not exert any more. The folds of the epithelium are absent during the period of action of the progesterone, and numerous ducts of the uterine glands are visible on the surface of the endometrium. All these data are consistent with a change in the functional characteristics of the reproductive tract during the estrous cycle.

The aim of presented work was to investigate whether energetic metabolism of cow in the after calving period could be normalized by using new approach which provides stimulation of gluconeogenesis and optimal functioning of citric acid cycle. For realization of the approach it was proposed to introduceinto ration of cows, in the form of mixture-stimulator of energetic metabolism, such gluconeogenesis substrates as pyruvate, phosphoenolpyruvate and all other compounds present on the way of glucose synthesis and also number of compounds known to stimulate synthesis of main citric acid cycle component- oxaloacetate namely methylmalonyl-CoA mutase and pyruvate carboxylase co-factors and glycogenic amino acids. To test the approach, mixture was fed to the animals in experimental group in the composition of total mixed ration in the dose of 250 g/head/day starting after calving and up to 30 days of lactation. Within six month of trials on the basis of «Gomontovo» farm 700 cows have participated in the experi ment. To estimate approach efficiency number of cases of diseases associated with metabolic disorders was analyzed. Statistical data obtained before beginning of described trials in 2017 for after-calving cows was used as control. As a result of performed research it was shown that application of provided approach leads to the decrease of ketosis cases on 55%, abomasum displacement on 70% and hard digestion disorders on 53%. In accordance with obtained results mixture-stimulator of energetic metabolism was introduced to the feeding schedule of «Gomontovo» farm in the permanent manner.

Infrared thermography of animals is now increasingly used in the pathology of distal parts of the extremities of animals. The thermograms are shown in the study of the distal part of the thoracic limbs of calves, when performing a surgical operation on the elbow joint of a dog in dynamics and in the study of the limbs of a horse with signs of left-sided "thermoamputation" of the distal part of the horse's limbs. The data of a dynamic remote thermographic study, when studying different species of animals, can be used to assess violations of peripheral circulation, in the part of the body being examined. The method of infrared thermography makes it possible to fix the pathological process early on before the onset of symptoms, which allows revealing hidden pathological processes. Infrared thermography in the practice of a veterinarian allows you to start preventive and curative measures at an early stage of the pathology and prevent complications of the disease or completely avoid them.

According to literature data, it is shown that one of the promising directions in in creasing the effectiveness in the treatment of wounds of various genesis and the prevention of postoperative complications is a comprehensive treatment based on targeted and combined immunocorrection using drugs with different mechanisms of action and attachment points. It is noted that in most cases immunomodulators are used as injections but at the same time local correction of wound defects is of interest. Experiments were carried out on 20 heads of young cattle of nine months age distributed into four groups - a control group and three experimental ones (n = 5 in each). All animals undergone a cutaneous muscle wound modeling. The heifers of the control group were not treated (the model of the untreated wound), in the experimental groups 72 hours after wounding they were locally treated daily for 5 days: the first group - with hydrogen peroxide, the second one - with the immunomodulator RV-1 from the group of natural compounds on an alcoholic basis, representing a complex balanced composition of biologically active substances and the third group - with immunomodulator RV-2 from the group of synthetic dipeptides. It is shown that the effect of drugs with a local application was of a varied nature. In the first 3 days in the control, 1st and 3rd experimental groups the wound defect was increased by 9.4; 7.5 and 11.8%, respectively, but with a reduction in wound area in the second group of experimental animals where the immunomodulator RV-1 was applied. Further, the most pronounced wound healing effect (reduction in area and increase in wound healing speed) in comparison with the control group the was manifested by immunomodulator of natural origin - RV-1 ,to a lesser extent - by hydrogen peroxide and a preparation from the group of synthetic dipeptides. This was reflected in the timing of wound healing - 15.6 ± 1.2 days compared to 18.2 ± 1.46; 17.2 ± 1.32 and 17.8 ± 1.53, respectively. Summarizing the problem of large-scale use of immunomodulators in the practice of veterinary surgery, it should be noted that it is in most cases empirical and is still far from being resolved.

If remote horse runs horse before the competition undergo a thorough veterinary examination: tests heart rate heart rate, peristalsis, condition of mucous membranes of gums and eyes, also checks for absence of lameness in horses at the trot. In the case of limp and in the presence of deviations in the health of the horse, it is not released at the start and disqualified. During the competition, the horse is also regularly observed by the veterinary Commission. As a rule, a distance of over 30 km is divided into several stages, so that the horse could get a short rest and pass veterinary control. If the horse does not pass veterinary control in due time with normal physical parameters, it will be disqualified. The study was carried out in the conditions of the Leningrad region at competitions in remote equestrian runs. Just was investigated 93 horses participating in the races 30, 40, and 80 km Competitions were held in track laid in the forest and field unpaved roads through the hills with height up to 20 meters. At each stage, the horses passed the preliminary, intermediate and final veterinary inspections. At distances of 30 and 40 km, 3 veterinary control, at the distance of 80 km - 5 veterinary controls. After participating in competitions at remote horse runs the final animal control lameness was observed in 17.2% of the horses that took part in the run. At 11.8% of the animals the cause of lameness was muscle pain and it was noted the tension of the muscles in the hip and croup, 5.4% of the animals the cause of lameness were damaged superficial digital flexor.

The data on the investigation of antibacterial activity of the new adhesive composition designed for the immobilization of the lips of surgical wounds with regard to the pathogens of the wound infection are presented. Used in the experiment was the adhesive composition containing the nanoparticles of silver stabilized on the titanium dioxide and developed in the Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary of Siberia and the Far East of the Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences jointly with the Research Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The given composition has been found to have a marked antibacterial activity regarding the pathogens of the wound infection that relate to the families of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. Medical and preventive treatment efficiency of the adhesive composition has been confirmed in the experiment with white rats of the “Vistar” lineby making a skin incision 3 cm. long on their withers. The immobilization of the lips of surgical wounds has been done in different ways. The clinical condition of the animals has been observed for as long as 14 days. It has been found that a single application of the adhesive composition containing the nanoparticles of silver in the dose of 0,5-1,0 mg/ cm2 produces a marked immobilizing effect on the lips of the surgical wound and prevents the development of postoperative complications in the form of wound infection.

The article describes the changes in pigment exchange rates in the treatment of cows suffering from hepatosis. Timely monitoring of metabolic status in highly productive dairy cows allows the fastest and most accurate diagnosis of liver pathology. The liver is involved in many kinds of metabolism, such as the exchange of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, pigments and many other substances. The use of combined treatment made it possible to reduce the concentration of total bilirubin in serum in the animals of the third experimental group by 36.4% by the 75th day (P <0.001), which is also the best result proving the greatest effectiveness of the combined use of these drugs. Cows of I and II experimental groups also had a significant decrease in the concentration of total bilirubin in the blood by 16.1% (P <0.01) and 13.9% (P <0.05), respectively, by 16.1% (P <0.01). Thus, when analyzing the clinical and biochemical data obtained in this study, it is determined that the combined administration of the drugs "Hepatodecept" and "Habivit-Se" allows to significantly reduce the concentration of total and bound bilirubin in the serum of patients with hepatosis of cows. This indicates that with the restoration of hepatocytes, a more complete capture of pigment metabolism products from the blood and their release in direct form from the hepatocyte into the bile ducts.

Chronic renal failure (CRF) in dogs develops on the background of chronic inflam matory diseases of the kidneys. CPS occurs in four stages: latent, latent, compensated insufficiency, decompensation and terminal. Chronic renal failure leads to intoxication of the whole organism and negatively affects the functional state of other internal organs and systems. The study of clinical blood test found an increase in ESR, which indicates the development of the inflammatory process, and the reduction of hemoglobin, hematocrit and the presence of reticulocytes in the blood indicates anemia. HPN in dogs leads to the development of intoxication, which is confirmed by the calculation of leukocyte intoxication indices (on the Flight, the index of the ratio of leukocytes and ESR, Krebs index, the nuclear index, the reactive response of neutrophils). Biochemical study of blood serum showed an increase in creatinine and urea levels, an increase in amylase activity, which indicates a decrease in glomerular filtration rate. The increase in phosphorus levels and reduced calcium levels in the blood serum leads to hypocalcemia. The de Ritis coefficient was at the lower limit of reference values, the activity of AST was increased, and the activity of ALT -within reference values, indicating damage to hepatocytes. In chronic renal failure in dogs with clinical and biochemical examination of urine were observed proteinuria, leukocyturia, erythrocyturia low value of specific gravity, crystalluria. Thus chronic renal failure in dogs contributes to the development of intoxication, narasaraopet, liver function and calcium-phosphorus metabolism.

Rabbits are more likely than other pets to be exposed all kinds of diseases. Protection from them begins by choosing a place for their maintenance. The place where it is supposed to contain rabbits should be with a dry litter, without stagnant water, as the retention of water in the form of puddles leads to the development of microorganisms that can cause diseases of animals. Purulent inflammation in rabbits is one of the most common pathological processes. Features and dynamics of the pathological process are determined by the specificity of the pathogenic factor and the reactive properties of the organism, as well as the external conditions of life. Often, the occurrence of abscesses is associated with a malocclusion (malocclusion syndrome). Once malocclusion is formed, the teeth stop stitching properly, and painful sharp regrowths that lead to trauma to the cheeks and tongue, as well as infection of the wound with microflora can form. One of the components of purulent exudate are microorganisms, which primarily lead to the development of a purulent process, they include staphylococci, pasteurella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus. Purulent inflammation can be both an independent disease, and a secondary sign of the underlying disease. Rabbits have characteristics during inflammation, especially during proliferation. Healing of wounds proceeds according to the type of sequestration. It is important to understand how the inflammatory process affects the body. In this case, clinical blood indices were studied: erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), hemoglobin, hematocritis, erythrocytes, leukocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets. As these indicators point to the course of the inflammatory process, the acuteness and reactivity of the organism.

Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) belongs to the detachment of rodents, the family of guinea pigs (Cawiidae). For the first time guinea pigs were domesticated in South America, then were distributed around the world as pets. Since the 18th century, pigs have become widely used for scientific research in various fields. Today, guinea pig is used as a model for many human infectious diseases, including pulmonary, genital, ocular, auditory, gastrointestinal and other infections that can threaten the lives of people and animals. The advantage of using guinea pigs as a test system among a number of other laboratory animals is their similarity with humans to external signs of manifestation of one or another pathology and the development of an immune response. Guinea pigs are often used in studies evaluating reproductive toxicity, contact hypersensitivity or dermatitis. The peculiarities of the structure of the respiratory tract of guinea pig make these animals a good model for studying respiratory diseases. Functionally, the respiratory tract of guinea pig is sufficiently reactive for some inhaled compounds. Guinea pigs can be an alternative to ferrets in the modeling of infectious diseases. Choosing the right biological test system for research is the key to obtaining quality and reliable results already at the initial stages. In turn, species diversity in preclinical studies enables the researcher to select an adequate model for studying a particular pathology.

In this review, a have been continued comparative study of gastrointestinal tract of the human and laboratory animals the most widely used in pre-clinical studies (rats, mice, hamsters, rabbits, guinea pigs). Generalized data on the comparative morphology of the organs of the lower part of the digestive system - the small and large intestine -are presented. The both anatomical and histological structure of the intestine has a common morphological principle characteristic of mammals. However, there are a number of features that have arisen as a result of different types of food species. Especially it affected the cecum, which in humans is the shortest, and in animals it lengthens, bends and reaches considerable dimensions in guinea pigs. The large saccule caecum is characteristic of herbivores as it is a reservoir of enzymatic and microbiological treatment of chime. The duodenum in humans and rodents is similar in its anatomical structure and topography and it is possible to determine only some differences in the topography of the excretory sections of the bile and pancreatic ducts. The intestine in rabbits is considerably longer than in the other examined species with the bile and pancreatic ducts separated by a considerable distance. The small intestine of rabbits has a number of anatomical landmarks, due to which it can be clearly divided into iliac and skinny which is not observed in other species. In humans, mice and guinea pigs one mesentery fixes the intestine while two in rabbits, rats and hamsters are isolated. The mucous membrane of the human intestine has circular folds that are absent in animals. The long, smooth, devoid of pronounced semilunar folds colon in animals continues with the prerectum, while in the human separates a sigmoid colon with its mesentery. The rectum has an ampoule only in humans, rats and rabbits. The cellular structure of the wall of the small and large intestine is fun damentally monotonous and has insignificant structural features. The circulatory, lymphatic and nervous systems of the digestive system are also extremely similar between animals and humans.