The objective of this paper is to determine the macroscopic changes in the internal organs of pigs with streptococcosis, that is, to study organopathology of this disease with the aim of improving pathology and differential diagnostics of diseases in pigs. The object and material of the study were 34 pigs of the fattening group with pathoanatomical changes characteristic of streptococcosis. The autopsy was performed by method of full evisceration developed by G. V. Shor. During the autopsy, imprint smears from the surfaces of the inflamed epicardium and heart valves were prepared and fixed with ethyl alcohol. Later, the smears were colored with Diff-Quick paint, observed with a microscope for biological research N-100B and photographed with the help of a digital camera Levenhuk C510. Samples of pathological material were taken from 9 pigs to perform bacteriological research on streptococcosis: fragments of the heart, including inflamed valves, as well as exudate from the heart sac. As a result of the study, it was found that organopathology of streptococcosis in pigs of the fattening group is represented by an increase in many lymph nodes and spleen, pericarditis, endocarditis, myocarditis, white embolic infarcts in the renal cortex, pleurisy, arthritis, and serous meningitis. Inflammation of the pericardium was serous-fibrinous, fibrinous and fibrinous-fibrous. Inflammation of the endocardium in the form of vegetative endocarditis was found mostly on the bicuspid valve, in a smaller number of pigs - on the tricuspid valve, in 2 animals on the semilunar valves of the pulmonary artery. In myocarditis, the heart muscle was heterogeneous in color and consistency: there were gray areas of softened consistency. The presence of complex "pericarditis-endocarditis-myocarditis" in pigs is pathognomonic for streptococcosis. Hemolytic streptococci of 3 types: Streptococcus dysgalactiae, subsp. Equisimilis,Enterococcus (Streptococcus) faecalis and Streptococcus suis were isolated from pathological material.

High-level biological safety is ensured by due detection and destruction of pathogenic biological agents, reservoirs of infections. Disinfection is one of the most important factors in the system of veterinary and sanitary control. It is impossible to achieve high-level biological safety in various branches of agricultural industry with out modern multifunctional biocidal preparations. One of such multifunctional drugs is "Desosteril-forte”, which composition includes detergent substances and substances with bactericidal effect from various classes of organic compounds. The balance of these substances gives the drug its multifunctional effect (washing, disinfecting and degreasing properties). This article shows experiment results on the evaluation of sporicidal properties of "Desosteril-forte" on various building materials. Laboratory experiments revealed sporicidal effect of biocidal preparation "Dezosteril-forte" on various test surfaces: objects of stainless steel, tile, wood and rubber. Lyophilized dried spores of Bacillus cereus (IP 5832) were used as spore test cultures. To imitate production environment, a protein-fat mixture was applied on the test surface in the amount of 0.5 g / 100 cm2. The sporicidal effect of the drug revealed itself at a 3% concentration and 180 minutes exposure on steel, tile and rubber test surfaces, as for wooden test surfaces, the sporicidal effect of the drug was observed using a 4% concentration at 120 minutes exposure. The results of the experiments showed correlation between concentration, exposure time and structure of the test-surface material. Porous surfaces (wood) required bigger concentration and exposure time for their disinfection.

It is expediently to use complex drugs that have a wider spectrum of action and, accordingly, are active against both the original etiologic factor and the secondary microflora, too. The object of the study was a wound healing gel containing 4% chlorhexidine, developed at the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology of St. Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine. The gel is a gel-like substance of gray color. It includes chlorhexidine which is stabilized by hydrogel methyl silicic acid. The osmotic activity of the researched drug was studied by dialysis in comparison with a 10% solution of sodium chloride. Investigation of antimicrobial activity was conducted in vitro by well method against to reference strains of microorganisms - the main potential causative agents of wound purulent processes: Escherichia coli (strain 1257), Staphyloccus aureus (strain 906), Pseudomonasa eruginosa, Proteus mirabilis. Incorporation of antimicrobial activity was conducted by measuring the growth retardation zone of microorganisms. The hydration activity of the studied preparations was studied by dialysis through a semipermeable membrane. The amount of the absorbed solution of purified water was measured. The result was expressed as a percentage of the original basis weight. Dialysis was conducted to the level of a constant, unchanging mass of the system under study. The results of the studies showed that the lowest antimicrobial activity was in the gel with 0.05%, the highest with 4% chlorhexidine content. The osmotic activity of this drug was 285%. The sorption effect of 4% gel with chlorhexidine was continued for 15 hours, compared with 10% sodium chloride solution, the osmotic effect of which lasted for 5 hours. High sorption activity, within 14 hours, allows to apply a complex drug to the affected tissue one, twice a day, thereby increasing the economic effect of the treatment.

Disinfection at poultry farms is one of the most important and effective measures to combat infectious diseases. Currently, most chemicals for disinfection do not meet the requirements of industrial poultry: the most recommended formaldehyde disinfectant has a pronounced carcinogenic activity, which has therefore completely abandoned its use in most countries of the world. In most cases, preference is given to composite preparations containing several active substances. The purpose of the work is to assess the disinfecting and washing properties of the domestic "Triosept-Endo" in industrial poultry farms in the Leningrad Region. "Triosept-Endo" contains glutaraldehyde, a corrosion inhibitor, non-ionic surfactants, functional additives as active ingredients. Floors, walls of premises, technological equipment surfaces were irrigated with a 0.1% “Triosept-Endo" medium before mechanical cleaning. Quality control of disinfection was carried out according to sanitary-indicative microorganisms (bacteria of the Escherichia coli group and staphylococci). Established the effectiveness of the use of "Triosept-Endo" for disinfection of building structures, technological equipment in poultry houses (in the absence and presence of poultry) and in the hatchery at a disinfection concentration of 0.2-0.5%, exposure 30-60 min, disinfection methods in the form of irrigation and wiping and consumption of the drug 0.2-0.25 l / m2. It has been revealed that the working solutions of “Triosept-Endo” do not have corrosion properties; do not deform products made of plastic, rubber and wood; do not discolour the fabric; do not fix organic contamination; easily wash off from any surfaces; allow you to combine washing and disinfection; low toxic for humans and birds. The "Triosept-Endo" agent can be recommended for preventive and forced disinfection of veterinary surveillance facilities in poultry farming according to the proposed regimens for the use of this drug.

Intensive technologies of cattle breeding, aimed at increasing milk productivity, led to mass spread of metabolic pathologies among cows, hepatosisbeing one of the most dangerous. Pathogenesis of the disease is related to the development of oxidative stress in hepatocytes. Therefore, it is considered appropriate to give animals antioxidant drugs for treatment and prevention of hepatosis, along withspecific hepatoprotective medications,The objective of this research was to study the effect of the drug «Dimikar» on the results of antioxidant protection in dairy cows during pharmacological prevention of hepatosis. The experiment was carried out on cows of black-and-white breed aged 4-6 years, in the dry period with signs of hepatic dysfunction. The drug was administered intramuscularly to animals in the amount of of 3,4 mg/kg of body weight, 60 and 30 days before the expected day of calving and immediately after calving. The results of laboratory blood tests showed tha the patosisis connected with malfunctioning of the antioxidant defense of cows. The use of the drug had a positive effect on the dynamics of biochemical parameters, which manifested in the increased activity of antioxidant enzyme catalaseby 21.73%, superoxide dismutase by 36.53% and glutathione peroxidase by 42.69%, as well as in the increased content of ceruloplasmin in the blood - by 18.17%. Activation of the enzymatic link in the antioxidant defense system of the body led to normalization of lipid peroxidation products concentration. Application of “Dimikar” contributed to the decrease in the concentration of diene conjugates by 19.05%, and malondialdehyde by 20.14% and Schiff - base fluorescence by 18.52%. To sum up, analysis of the experiments allows us to recommend pharmacological therapy with the use of antioxidant preparations in dairy cows in order to prevent hepatosis.

Studies to determine the residual amounts of ciprofloxacin in the body of chickens. In the first experiment determined the residual amount of ciprofloxacin after oral administration civatin with drinking water. The studies were conducted on 15 healthy chickens of cross-Heisex brown at the age of 36-40 days and weighing 1-1.1 kg. the Drug was administered orally,200 mg/l of water for 10 days. The poultry slaughter and sampling for the study were carried out 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after the cessation of drug evaporation. The objects of study were serum, heart, lungs, intestinal wall, liver, skeletal muscles, muscle stomach and kidneys. The second experiment was carried out in a similar way, but ciprofloxacin was given orally in a mixture with feed in a free access concentration of 200 mg/kg of feed for 10 days. The content of ciprofloxacin was determined by microbiological diffusion in agar using test microbe Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. In chickens killed after 24 hours, ciprofloxacin was recorded in all studied tissues, organs and biological fluids at concentrations ranging from 0.26 to 0.49 pg/g (pg/ml). In chickens killed after 48 hours, the drug was found in about the same concentrations as in the previous time period. The exception was the lungs, in which ciprofloxacin was not detected. After 72 hours, ciprofloxacin was found in the muscle stomach (0.28 pg/g), heart (0.58 pg/g) and liver (0.52 pg/g). In chickens killed after 96 and 120 hours after the end of the drug, ciprofloxacin was not found. Studies have shown that the oral administration of ciprofloxacin to chickens for 10 days with food and water in concentrations of 200 mg / kg of feed and 200 mg / l of water, the drug is completely removed from the body after 96 h after its use.

Clinical trials of the drug "Anestofol 1%" were conducted in the clinic of the Department of Surgery at the Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine. For theresearch the drug "Anestofol 1%" was used for short-term anesthesia with the purpose to conduct diagnostic and small surgical operations in dogs. During clinical trials, three groups of animals were formed based on analogues principlewith the total number of 6 dogs, 2 dogs in each group. For the animals in the first group the drug "Anestofol 1%" was administered intravenously according to the instructions without the use of premedication but with a preliminary infusion of isotonic sodium chloride solution intravenously. The animals of the second group had premedication with a muscle relaxant "Xyla", and then according to the instructions the drug "Anestofol 1%" was administered intravenously. For the animal in the third group the drug "Anestofol 1%" was applied according to the approved instructions without the use of premedication and intravenous infusion of isotonic sodium chloride solution. The experimental animals were the dogs belonging to the vivarium of the VSAVM. Clinical trials showed that during introductory induction with the drug "Anestofol 1%" in dogs of all groups we observed slight changes in the heart rate (HR), particularly, a persistent tendency to decrease especially in the 2nd group where the preparation "Xyla" as a premedication drug was used. Our trialsshowed that the induction dose of this drug should not exceed 8 mg / kg of body weight. The use of the drug "Anestofol-1%"in compliance with the instructions causes a short-term anesthesia that lasts up to 10 - 15 minutes.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the local preparation Соlimast, firstly applied in treatment of serous catarrhal mastitis in lactating cows in the Smolensk region, and its combination with the Multidject IMM (UK), applied in this farm in 2016 with a positive result. The research was carried out in two stages: in winter and pasture period of keeping cows. Two experimental (n-11) and control (n-11) groups of animals were formed at each stage. In the experimental groups the Colimast and Multidject were injected intramuscularly separately and in combination: one in the morning, another in the evening. In the control groups, the Mastiet Forte has been used for a long time in the farm. Diagnosis of mastitis was carried out according to the "Manual on diagnosis, therapy and prevention of mastitis in cows" (2007) - using mastest. Serous catarrhal mastitis morbidity in lactating cows at the Michurin CJSC in the Smolensk region during the winter stall period was as follows: the overall rate -12.4%, a clinical course - 3.7 and a latent one - 8.7%, in the pasture period, respectively - 11. 8; 8.4 and 3.4%. The E. coli and streptococci are isolated from the secretion of the affected udder parts. The therapeutic effect was evaluated according to the period of cows' recovery from mastitis. In the stall period, all (100%) sick cows recovered within three days due to Multiject application; by 27.3% more cows were cured after application of combination of Multiject and Colimast in comparison with the use of Mastiet Forte (control). In the pasture period, the efficacy of Colimast was higher by 27.3% to control; when combined with a Multiject, by 54.5% in comparison with the Mastite Forte. The performed experimental researches testify to the high therapeutic efficacy of new preparations Colimast and Multiject in treatment of mastitis in lactat-ing cows in comparison with the long-used Mastite Forte.

The results of the conducted scientific and commercial experiments on the development of technology of cultivation of red foxes "moth Vyatka" with the use of succinic acid gave the basis for testing research in industry. The improved technology of the content of reproductive females comprised the addition to the feed the succinic acid at a dose of 10 mg per kg of body weight, a month before the rut, making every five days, two day break. Waste the unborn young from the females contained on superior technology amounted to 0,10 0,22 puppy against puppy in the control (p<0.05), number of pups per female owenissalty at the time jigging made up 5.10 4.87 V against control (p<0.05), respectively. The economic effect of the sale of puppies 1 female, amounted to RUB 1399,50. Data indicate a rather high efficiency of use of the females of succinic acid in the period of reproduction. Trademark young the drug was added to the feed since the depositing rate of 5 mg per kg bodyweight, two or five day course with a two day break, at the beginning of each month for five before slaughter. The average area of the skins of foxes grown using superior technology in comparison with the control significantly (p<0.05) were greater at 0, 25 dm2 males, females - 0.30 dm2. Credit quality was significantly (p<0.05) higher in animals treated by succinic acid, 2.5% in males and females. Economic effect of the implementation of one of the skins from males amounted to RUB 95,39, females - 76,43 RUB. The Calculation of economic effect from the use of advanced technology of cultivation of red foxes showed the possibility of obtaining additional profit fur farms.

The wound fever is one of the most widespread complications at therapy of wounds of various etiology. In most cases, an etiological factor of development of this pathology is contamination of an operational wound by representatives of an opportunistic microflora. Recently for prophylaxis and therapy of a wound fever, the set of the medicines including containing in the structure silver in various aggregate state is offered. In LLC SPC Vektor-Vita means was developed for treatment of wounds of various etiology "Argovit spray-3". Data on studying of antibacterial activity of this medicine containing cluster silver, polyethylene glycol, and a dimethylsulfoxide, intended for sanitation of a wound surface of skin are provided in article. As a result of the conducted researches it was established that "Argovit spray-3" has the expressed antibacterial activity concerning the activators of a wound fever which are falling into to the sorts St. albus, Str. pyogenes, E.coli, Ps.aeruginosae. The treat-ment-and-prophylactic effectiveness of medicine was confirmed in experience on laboratory animals. To guinea pigs gave scrappy wounds and the surface burns. Use of medicine "Argovit-spray-3" at therapy of scrappy wounds promoted acceleration and quality of an epitalization; and at therapy of burns - prevented development of complications in the form of purulent inflammation that positively affected regeneration and terms of an adhesion. Clinical tests of medicine carried out on cats to whom they gave cut wounds. Watched a clinical condition of animals within 14 days. Use of medicine "Argovit-spray-3" during the entire period of an adhesion interfered with development of purulent complications and inflammatory phenomena in the field of drawing cut wounds.

The practical significance of biologically active drugs is that scientifically proven promising principles, approaches, methods and tools that provide an effective and cost-effective solution to vital problems. As a result of the introduction of scientific developments, high biological, social and economic effects are achieved. This paper presents data on the study of the effect of the use of biologically active additives in the feeding of broiler chickens on the physical and chemical parameters of poultry meat. The purpose of this study was to analyze the diets of broiler chickens in poultry farms, as well as the formulation of scientific and economic experiments to study the effect of the addition of biologically active stimulants to the diet of poultry. In the course of the experiment were evaluated by such indicators as: the reaction of ammonia and an ammonium salt, the reaction of peroxidase, an indicator of acid number of fat (mg Koh), the rate of peroxide value of fat (% of iodine) and hydrogen index. The study was conducted in the conditions of poultry farms of the Republic of Belarus such as: - NGO "Vitkonprodukt" Shumilinskaya broiler poultry factory, ruspp "Gorodok poultry farm" gorodoksky district, Vitebsk region, OJSC "Vitebsk broiler poultry factory", Vitebsk district, Vitebsk region, RUSSP "PTICEFABRIKA Druzhba" of the Baranovichi district, Brest region, JSC "Organicathlete" Pruzhany district, Brest region. As a result of the conducted experiments it was revealed that the biologically active preparations used have a positive effect on the productive qualities of broiler chickens: the slaughter qualities of broiler chickens are improved.

Studies of acute and subacute toxicity of the new phytobiotic sorption complex were carried out on the basis of the St. Petersburg Academy of Veterinary Medicine. The study of the studied parameters was studied according to the "Guidelines for conducting preclinical studies of medicines", ed. A.N. Mironov (2012). The hazard class of the investigational drugs was determined according to GOST 12.1.007-76. To study the parameters of acute toxicity, four groups of rats with 30 heads each were formed. Two experimental groups were injected phyto-biotic complex inside, in a double and fourfold dose, from the experimentally therapeutic 5,800 and 12,000 mg / kg, rats in the control groups were administered a similar amount of isotonic sodium chloride solution. To study the subacute toxicity of the phyto-biotic complex, two groups of white Wistar rats weighing 160 ± 10.0 g were formed, 30 heads each. A phyto-biotic complex at a dose of 6000 mg/ kg was added to the experimental group of laboratory animals for a standard diet for 28 days. The control group received a standard diet, without any additives. The animals were weighed and, at the end of our experiment, conducted a comprehensive survey of the experimental animals. Blood samples were taken to determine hematological and biochemical parameters. An acute experiment on the effect of the phyto-biotic complex on laboratory animals showed that oral administration, in a double and a fourfold dose, from experimentally therapeutic, does not have a toxic effect. The case of experimental animals was not fixed. By the degree of toxicity, the investigated phyto-biotic complex can be classified as the IV hazard class (low-hazard substances).

The studies were conducted to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin in relation to various species of salmonella and to study the therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of civetin (an antimicrobial drug based on ciprofloxacin) in experimental salmonellosis of the Haysex Brown cross chickens in the course of the work. Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin for Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella infantis was performed by double serial dilution in a liquid nutrient medium and using HiComb Strip test (HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Limited, In-dia).The therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of ciprofloxacin in experimental salmonellosis of chickens of different etiology was studied on 650 males that were divided into 13 groups. Experimental infections were reproduced by three species of Salmonella: Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella infantis. The microorganisms were injected into the chicks intraperitoneally at a concentration of 300 million CFU / 0.5 ml. Ciprofloxacin was administered in a freely available form with drinking water in concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 mg/l of water.The minimum inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin for Salmonella enteritidis was 0.25 pg / ml, for Salmonella typhimurium 0.001-0.004 pg/ml, for Salmonella infantis 0.01 pg/ml.It was found that oral administration (freely available with drinking water) of civetin for five days in concentrations of 50-100 mg/l of water to chicks experimentally infected with Salmonella enteritidis failed to achieve a positive therapeutic and prophylactic ef-fect.Effective (82%) was the appointment of ciprofloxacin in a concentration of 200 mg/l water. Among the chickens infected with Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella infantis effective (96-100%) was the appointment of ciprofloxacin in all doses (50200 mg/l). It should be noted that in the control groups only 64% and 62% of chickens died.

Substandard offal can be a danger to human health, so it is important to objectively carry out veterinary and sanitary control at all stages of circulation of these products. Veterinary-sanitary examination of offal in accordance with the rules of veterinary inspection of slaughter animals and veterinary-sanitary examination of meat and meat products is obligatory together with carcasses. The conventional methods of postslaughter examination allow to reveal of pathoanatomical changes which characterize of infectious and invasive animal diseases and make it possible to establish a preliminary diagnosis. However, laboratory analysis should be done in the absence of obvious macroscopic changes in offal intended for food purposes and obtained from sick or dead animals in the agricultural state, or after their industrial processing and also is required to confirm the quality and safety of livestock raw materials. Veterinary-sanitary examination of offal obtained from the forced killed calves with clinical diagnosis - pneumonia by the methods regulated by the existing normative and technical documents was carried out. In the same way as in the meat of sick animals, in heart, liver, lung, kidney and spleen of slaughtered animals peroxidase wasn’t shown, revealed the primary products of protein breakdown in the sample with formalin, and observed the increase in hydrogen ion concentration in the extract of the samples. The transparency of the broth obtained during the production of samples of cooking depends on the type of offal of raw materials and the assessment of the purity of the liver, spleen and lungs is not significant, however, the smell of the broth from the offal derived from infected animals significantly decreases, compared to the specific smell of the broth from the offal derived from healthy animals.

Pollution of the aquatic environment became the most widespread in the 20th century, this problem remains relevant in the 21st century. Water bodies are the most vulnerable ecosystems for toxic pollutants, because pollutants enter into them aerogenically, with surface run-off, tributaries, sewage and water transport emissions. Contributing to their toxification is the accident of ships and oil platforms. The content of heavy metals (cadmium, lead, zinc, and copper) was determined in various abiotic and biotic components such as water, bottom sediments, seston, zoobenthos, Dreissena, mollusks Unionidae and fish. This study took place in the Udomlya, the Kedad, the Ilmen lakes, and the Volkhov River. According to the results, the level of mentioned metals contamination was low. However, the effect of metal accumulation in biotic components like seston, zoobenthos (including mollusks) and fish was determined. The smaller content of metals in the muscle tissue of fish in comparison with mollusks is probably due to the fact that all soft tissues were studied in mollusks, and in fish - muscle tissue, which contains the least amount of metals in comparison with gills and parenchymal organs.The largest level of metal accumulation was marked for Dreissena that can be an indicator of metal pollution. The level of the metals concentration in the muscle tissue of fish did not exceed the standards for fish as a food product.

Quality and safety products assurance is the key moment of ensuring public health. Because of the import suspension of milk products, a need to increase food production and products’ turnover became urgent. As a result, under the condition of import substitution, manufacturers are trying to reduce the cost price of the end-product. This data is not indicated on the products’ label and causes the consumer rights violation according to the Russian Federation law. The main aim of the research is to detect cheese samples with the fat fraction falsification with non-dairy fats by origin and to study the quality indicators of prescribed standard cheeses. As a result of the conducted studies, the dependence and distinctive features of organoleptic and physicochemical indicators between cheese, made from natural milk raw materials, and cheese, that was produced by using vegetable fats, were established. Organoleptic parameters of cheese are deteriorating, while adding non-dairy components. Their color is intensely bright, that implies the use of food colorings. Consistency is soft, mildly smearing, figure is flattened or absent. Taste and odor are low specific and not expressed. It cannot be typical for this products assortment. According to physical and chemical parameters, such as the moisture and sodium chloride content, marks, as a rule, comply with the requirements of the normative and technical documentation and are within the acceptable limits. The results of the mass fraction fat analysis indicate a complete or partial milk fat substitution with non-dairy ingredients. It is possible to cease the falsified cheeses sale only by strengthen production, quality indicators evaluation and safety indicators control, when the finished products are released from the enterprise and also strengthen control in places of storage and sale. In practice, the implementation of such control measures is quite difficult, because the chromatographic method involves expensive and inaccessible equipment for a long period of analysis. In this connection, it is urgent to find and introduce other accessible express methods for identifying the fat fraction of dairy products that could be absolutely reliable.

The article presents the results of hydrochemical studies of the coastal zone of the Neva Bay in the Lomonosov region. The southern part - the coast of the Gulf of Finland from the mouth of the Narva River to St. Petersburg - is one of the coastal regions of the country that are most densely populated. Due to this, littoral is subject to a strong anthropogenic load. The shallow waters of the southern part of the Neva Bay until recently remained poorly understood. In 2016, according to the data of the NW MHME, the concentration of phenols in the central part of the Neva Bay did not exceed the permissible level. In the shallow coastal zone, such studies have not been conducted. The concentration of phenol and potential sources of pollution were determined. At the control point, concentrations that stably do not exceed the regulatory values are observed, which on average amounted to 0.8 MPC. Throughout the period, the limit set by the standard was repeatedly exceeded. Extreme excesses were noticed in the Lomonosov harbor area, where the port «Lomonosov» is located. A significant part of the phenols is formed in reservoirs during the transformation of petroleum hydrocarbons. The article also compares the obtained data with data on other parts of the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland. At the end of the work, conclusions were drawn based on the results of the analyzed data.

An attempt is made to study the influence of experimental stress effects of different frequency and multiplicity on the characteristics of the main bactericidal mechanisms of the oxygen-dependent system of the neutrophils in rabbits. For model experiments 10 male rabbits of meat breed "White giant" were used at the age of 8 months, with a live mass of 3,400 ± 0,725 kg. In the first series of experiments, transport stress was modeled by the transport of animals in a passenger car. Immobilization stress in the second series of experiments was caused by fixation of the rabbit by the paws to the fixation machine in the position on the back. In the third series of experiments, a combination of stress effects was carried out: transport stress and immobilization. Transport effects were carried out on the third day after immobilization stress and the restoration of the main functional systems of neutrophils was observed. The activity of bactericidal systems of neutrophils was determined in the reaction with nitrobluetetrozolium strong (oxygen-dependent system). In all series of experiments during stressful actions, we noted a statistically significant increase in the indices of both basal and stimulated O2 production. Then, a day after the stress effects, depression of bactericidal parameters of the circulating phagocyte pool was revealed. It was followed by an adaptation period of 3.7.14 days after the stressful effect (the dependence on the duration and multiplicity of the stressor factor effect was also traced), during the subsequent period of studies a smooth return of the studied parameters to their initial values was observed. The critical period is the third day against the background of a combination of stressful effects - we observed a deep inhibition of the oxidative activity of blood phagocytes. This fact should be taken into account when planning veterinary and zootechnical activities.

The study was conducted at the Department of animal anatomy of the St Petersburg state Academy of veterinary medicine. Human cadaver material for the study was delivered to the Department of anatomy of animals FGBOU VO "Saint-Petersburg state Academy of veterinary medicine" from a pig -breeding complex "Idavang agro" D. Nurma, Tosnenskiy district of Leningrad region. Objects for this study included three age groups, according to the periodization of the pig's life (V. Zhelev, 1976; D. C. Blood, 1988; Kudryashov A.A., 1992) - newborns 1 -7 days (early neonatal period); newborns 10-14 days (late neonatal period); newborns 20-28 days (late neonatal period). Weighing from 2000 to 2500. To achieve this task used complex traditional anatomical methods of study: fine anatomical dissection, lazarettgasse, photography and morphometry. The international veterinary anatomical nomenclature (fifth edition) was used to describe anatomical terms. The measurement was carried out using an electronic caliper Stainless hardened with the price of division of 0.05 mm. in the study of the venous channel of the respiratory system of pigs of Land-race and Duroc breeds in the early stages of postnatal ontogenesis, we noticed that the General architectonics of venous vessels is similar to arterial. The veins are several mediastinal. Veins of these organs, as well as arteries, have the main and scattering types of branching. Thus, veins are located in the lungs of pigs Landrace and Duroc breeds similar arteries, but the diameter is much greater than them, especially in the left part of the organ. In the age aspect, the main increase in the diameter of veins occurs in the period from 10-14 days of age to 20-28 days of life from birth.

The dogs and cats who have transferred the general anesthesia have a widespread ophthalmologic complication called by a postoperative erosion of a cornea. When developing a disease the adhesion of a tear film and epithelium of a cornea is broken that leads to a recurrence of disease and developing of pathologies in secretaries of a tear film, especially lipid layer. Often, development of a chronic form of the KCS, causing irreversible structural and functional changes of a conjunctiva and cornea in a anterior sigment. We decided to carry out scientific work on a research of a postoperative erosion of a cornea of animals (rabbits) with use of experimental model for establishment of correlation between development of an erosion of a cornea and change of biochemical structure of a tear. Carried out by us before the research have shown change of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of plaintive liquid during the postoperative period at pets. It is shown that development of complications isn't connected with irreversible or long-term violations of secretion of a tear, however, is followed by decrease in stability of a tear film and also growth of the general protein of a tear and falling of the general antioxidant activity of a tear that is caused by effect of low-molecular antioxidants that leads to development of the KCS. In the work the dependence between the general anesthesia and development of a chronic form of the KCS in experimental animals (rabbits) is shown. It is established that the general anesthesia exerts impact on indicators of stability of a tear film, reducing its value twice. At all experimental animals decrease in antioxidant activity of plaintive liquid, and restoration of it is values only in 24 hours, with a complete recovery of indicators by 30-th day of observation is established. Further we plan to study general proteins of antioxidant protection: superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathiones-s-transferase, glutation reductase. The further research is necessary. [3,4]

This review presents various techniques of definitions optimum time of insemination. We have considered the principle of work, pluses and minuses of such methods as vaginal cytology, definition of concentration of progesterone, use the Dog detector ovulation, ultrasonography of ovaries, vaginal endoscopy, a research of cervical and vaginal secrets, saliva crystallization. The vaginal cytology is a fast method of diagnostics with high precision based on studying of the tearing-away cages of a vaginal epithelium and changes of its structure depending on changes in ovaries. The microscope, a wadded tampon, subject glass, a set of dyes is necessary for carrying out a research. Definition of concentration of progesterone in blood is carried out after the first signs of a proestrus each 2-3 days. This method allows to reveal the increase of concentration before an ovulation and to plan the date of insemination. The Dog Detector Ovulation can be used at home, it allows to define the fertile period. Ultrasonography of ovaries allows to define the dog ovulation. In addition, several studies demonstrated that ultrasound images of the ovaries around ovulation are more difficult to analyze, due to the fact that ovarian follicles do not differ much in the immediate pre- and postovulatory period. Vaginal endoscopy demands the expensive equipment and frequent usage of sedative medicines. This research estimates the morphological changes in the vaginal mucosa under the influence of estrogen and progesterone and defines a stage of a sexual cycle and optimum time for insemination. The technique of a research of secrets is based on change of the picture when drying during the fertile period. This method is simple in use, but has low efficiency. The definition of dog fertile period is relevant for owners and for practicing veterinarians

Infertility is known to occur due to various genitalia diseases, which develop most often at the time of delivery and in postnatal period. New technologies of animals’ maintenance and increase in animals’ productivity led to changes in metabolism process in animals. Results of gynecology medical examination of 350 cows from the farms of Chuvash Republic show that most common forms of infertility are alimentary and symptomatic. From among the examined cows infertility was found in 32-54%, 1240% of cows had diseases related to obstetrics and gynecology. Retention of placenta was registered in 12-36% of cows, endometritis in 12-34.7%, sub-involution of uterus in 9-21%. In normal course of childbirth and postnatal period, 70% of animals got pregnant again within 90 days after the delivery date against 13.4% of cows, which had pathologies in childbirth and in postnatal period. The rate of fertilization in group with normal course of childbirth and postnatal period was 22.8% higher than in group with pathologies. Infertility period in cows from the first group was 29.6±1.8 days shorter and index of fertility was 2.9±0.3 while index of fertility in cows from the second group was 3.0±0.2. Higher count of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in blood of clinically healthy cows after the delivery is explained by high cellular reaction providing protection of the body against diseases. Decrease in these blood parameters in cows with pathology is explained by weakening of protective forces of the body and can be viewed as the response to the development of pathology. Fast increase of leukocytes in cows with endometritis on days 16-30 after the delivery should be considered as the marked reaction to inflammatory process.

Evaluating the methods of treatment of acute purulent-catarrhal endometritis of cows, it is established that during electric stimulation of the sacrum region together with intramuscular injections of medicinal products, the reproductive function of cows is restored and production is provided during the year. It is known that the activation of biologically active points leads to an increase in the body's own defense mechanisms and to the stimulation of all regulatory systems that ensure effective adaptation Electropuncture allows to provide reflex correction of functional systems practically at all levels of the central nervous system, to exert a pronounced influence on the activity of the pituitary-adrenal, sympathetic-adrenal and other systems of neurohumoral regulation. The medicinal preparations used in the present method have antiinflammatory effect, increase the tone and contractility of the myometrium, restore the structure and function of the endometrium, stimulate tissue immunity and increase bactericidal properties of cervical mucus, restore ovarian function, regulate sexual cycling, stimulate the production of gonadotropic hormones and ovogenesis, increase fertilization. Components included in the composition of the drugs used in ultra low doses do not accumulate in the animals. Products from animals to which drugs were used can be used without restrictions. The carried out researches allow to say that therapy according to the proposed scheme, including electropuncture and intramuscular injections of the drugs used in the treatment scheme, shortens the treatment time for sick cows and accelerates restoration of functions of the sexual sphere of animals in comparison with the control group of animals. Fertility after calving in animals to which the treatment regimen was applied came on day 45-60, which is 40% faster than in the control group of animals.

The paper presents results of studying structure and prevalence of limb diseases in cows in modern industrial complexes. The object of the study served 2177 cows of the Ayrshire breed and 797 cows of black-motley breed at the fastened and loose housing. Productivity Ayrshire cows breed made in a year 7900 kg of milk on one forage cow and \ 8400 kg - on a cow of black and motley breed. Was identified etiological factors of occurrence and development of diseases of the limbs of the cows and determined the clinical efficacy of preventive and therapeutic measures in case of various diseases in the distal extremities using cabochon modern multifunctional medicines or tiercel, Dorin, Alcogel, SolkaHоofgel. The influence of the method of keeping and breed of animals on the prevalence of surgical diseases in the fingers. In loose housing surgical disease in cows black-motley breed was detected in 35.0% of the animals, harness - 10.5% in studied population. Cows of the Ayrshire breed noted the low incidence of surgical diseases as with tethering (2,05%) and loose (0,89%) content. Main etiological factors and limbs surgical diseases areavalideavalide conditions and unbalanced diets, leading to disruption of protein, carbohydrate and mineral metabolism, prolonged stabling, lack of timely clearing of hooves that contributed to the occurrence of wound infections and abscesses abscesses, especially abscesses of the Corolla, purulent arthritis. At the same time the polyethylene character of occurrence of surgical diseases in the area of fingers at cows that causes need for complex prevention and treatment of these diseases was revealed.

One of the manifestations of diseases of urinary excretory organs is the acute urinary retention that is a life-threatening pathological condition in cats. The acute urinary retention leads to the pathological changes not only of the bladder and the urethra, but also of the other internal organs. As a result of the acute urinary retention the mortality rate can reach 8.5%. Studies were carried out on 18 cats that have undergone the perineal urethrostomy with removal of the penis. The penis was removed completely in 2 cats, a stump about 2 cm of a length was left in 16 cats. All patients after the operation were followed for 6 months to 5 years. The diagnosis was made using the data of anamnesis, the clinical examination, the results of laboratory analysis, and also instrumental diagnostics. Indications for performing the perineal urethrostomy for 56% of clinical cases were recurrent urethral obstruction, for 33% of clinical cases - primary urethral obstruction by uroliths or urethral plugs and for 11% of cases - a penile trauma (selfinduced and iatrogenic). The clinical observation was carried out for all operated animals. There were no complications associated with the operation and relapses of the underlying disease in 44% of the animals after the operation. The following complications were observed during the study period in 56% of animals: trauma of the stoma, urinary incontinence, urethral stenosis, repeated obstruction of the urethra, overgrowing of the stoma. The clinical observation was carried out for all operated animals. The most common complication of surgery (35% of complications) is the overgrowth of the stoma. The overgrowth of the stoma often is combined with urethral stenosis (25% of complications). Studies have shown that the perineal urethrostomy is not an operation of the first choice. The perineal urethrostomy with removal of the penis should be applyed only in cases when the patency of the penile part of the urethra and/or the distal part of the pelvic part of the urethra is violated.

In this review, a have been continued comparative study of gastrointestinal tract of the human and laboratory animals the most widely used in pre-clinical studies (rats, mice, hamsters, rabbits, guinea pigs). Generalized data on the comparative morphology of the organs of the lower part of the digestive system - the small and large intestine -are presented. The both anatomical and histological structure of the intestine has a common morphological principle characteristic of mammals. However, there are a number of features that have arisen as a result of different types of food species. Especially it affected the cecum, which in humans is the shortest, and in animals it lengthens, bends and reaches considerable dimensions in guinea pigs. The large saccule caecum is characteristic of herbivores as it is a reservoir of enzymatic and microbiological treatment of chime. The duodenum in humans and rodents is similar in its anatomical structure and topography and it is possible to determine only some differences in the topography of the excretory sections of the bile and pancreatic ducts. The intestine in rabbits is considerably longer than in the other examined species with the bile and pancreatic ducts separated by a considerable distance. The small intestine of rabbits has a number of anatomical landmarks, due to which it can be clearly divided into iliac and skinny which is not observed in other species. In humans, mice and guinea pigs one mesentery fixes the intestine while two in rabbits, rats and hamsters are isolated. The mucous membrane of the human intestine has circular folds that are absent in animals. The long, smooth, devoid of pronounced semilunar folds colon in animals continues with the prerectum, while in the human separates a sigmoid colon with its mesentery. The rectum has an ampoule only in humans, rats and rabbits. The cellular structure of the wall of the small and large intestine is fundamentally monotonous and has insignificant structural features. The circulatory, lymphatic and nervous systems of the digestive system are also extremely similar between animals and humans.