Respiratory diseases of birds cause significant economic loses to poultry farming. In the analysis of these diseases, a significant role belongs to metapneumovirus infection in birds and infectious bronchitis in chickens. These diseases often occur in complex with other viral and bacterial infections. Isolation of these viruses from the test material using known methods is a rather difficult and time-consuming process. The difficulty in isolation exists cause of the very short stage of accumulation of viruses in significant titers in the organs of birds. Therefore, nowadays, the main role in the correct diagnosis of these diseases belongs to molecular biological methods, in particular, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. The main objective of the research was to develop universal primers that allow the identification of pathogens of avian and IBC chickens, and serotyping of these viruses by electrophoretic detection and sequencing based on PCR. As a result of assays it was established that - presence of PCR products of the cDNA fragment with a length of 291 BP indicates the presence in the material RNA of SSV subtype, and the cDNA fragment with a length of 501 BP - for the RNA of SSV subtype A. the presence in the sample of the virus genome BC is confirmed by the detection of a fragment with a length of 526 BP. Obtained sequenced primers showed high specificity in relation to the diagnosed pathogens, which allows them to be successfully used in research institutions conducting work on the study of these viruses and molecular diagnosis of the corresponding infections.

For domestic dog breeding, this issue is relevant, since annually dog-hunting trips are carried out to the southern regions of the country, which contributes to the spread of pathogens of dirofilariasis. In the Nizhny Novgorod Region, at the opening of two corpses of service dogs arriving from Chechnya, dirofilaria were found in the heart and pulmonary arteries. In order to diagnose dirofilariasis, the blood of 86 service dogs from the Zonal Center for Cynological Service of the Nizhny Novgorod Region was examined. Identified 11 dogs infected with dirofilaria. In addition, dirofilaria infection was observed in dogs that arrived for training from the North Caucasus region. The movement of dogs from one region to another leads to the creation of new foci of dirofilariasis and, thereby, increases the risk of this invasion in humans. The relevance of dirofilariasis for dog breeding is due to the lack of knowledge of this issue in the Ararat region of the Republic of Armenia, as well as to difficulties in therapy: effective imported medicines are inaccessible due to their high cost, and the arsenal of domestic analogues is small. The article presents materials on the cases of dogs from dirofilariasis in farms of the Ararat region. According to the results of autopsy of dead dogs, as well as studies of venous blood samples of German Shepherd dogs for microfilariae, parasitism of nematodes Dirofilaria immitis Leidy, 1856 with an average intensity of dirofilariasis (EI) in the dog population of Ararat region was found to be 29.6%. It was established that the spread of invasion is uniform. According to the results of examinations in the farms of the Ararat region, therapeutic treatments of dogs against dirofilarosis with Helmimax and Inspector Total S were carried out, as well as a set of preventive measures.

This work presents the results of a study of the effectiveness of using a new antioxidant anti-inflammatory drug for animals developed in the Stavropol State Agrarian University as part of a comprehensive treatment regimen for purulent-catarrhal endometritis in cows. The studies were conducted using 30 cows of the 4-7 years old with purulent-catarrhal endometritis. Animals were divided into three equal groups according to the principle of analogues. In all groups, a standard therapy regimen was used, including the administration of antibiotics, immunostimu-lants, hormonal and vitamin agents. Additionally, in the second group, the Flunex drug was administered intramuscularly at therapeutic doses in the first three days of treatment, and in the third group, the tested antioxidant anti-inflammatory drug was similarly. It was established that against the background of purulent-catarrhal endometritis, intensification of lipid peroxidation is observed, manifested by an increase in its products in the blood. Addition of an antiinflammatory treatment regimen contributed to a decrease in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and the number of leukocytes in the blood of experimental animals. The use of an antioxidant anti-inflammatory drug significantly led to an increase in the level of activity of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione, and normalization of the concentration of diene conjugates and malondialdehyde in the blood of cows. The use of “Flunex” and “Antioxidant antiinflammatory drug for animals” preparations contributed to a decrease in the duration of manifestation of the main clinical signs of endometritis and a decrease in the duration of uterine involution after the disease. Their positive effect on the reproductive ability of cows was noted, which consisted in a reduction in the frequency of insemination and a decrease in the duration of the service period.

The purpose of this work was to study the dynamics of indicators of the system of white blood of birds due to the use of the chemotherapeutic drug ciprofloxacin, which has a wide spectrum of effects. Ciprofloxacin has a more active effect on gram-negative bacteria, as well as on colibacillo-sis. For the study, three groups of chickens were formed (I - control, II and III - experienced), which consisted of male Haysex Brown cross-hares. Experimental infection of chickens of groups II and III with the culture of Escherichia coli was carried out. The day before and within four days after infection, chickens of group III received ciprofloxacin at a dose of 200 mg/l with water. Blood sampling from all experimental birds was performed on the day of infection, then at 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after infection. White blood indices were studied: leukocyte count and leukocyte formula. As a result of the analysis of the obtained data, significant changes in some indicators of white blood in groups II and III relative to the control group were noted. The presence of an inflammatory reaction, characterized by a significant increase in the absolute and percentage of neutrophils, monocytes and basophils in groups II and III in comparison with the control. However, white blood counts in group III were relatively closer to those in the control group.

A number of tasks are supposed to be performed to overcome antibiotic resistance, of which the first place is the problem of organizing monitoring of the sensitivity of pathogens to the drugs used. This study provides on the sensitivity of animal pathogens to norfloxacin. The sensitivity of 387 isolates of pathogenic microorganisms was analyzed by the disk-diffusion method according to the standard method. It was found that norfloxacin, like other fluoroquinolones, exhibits the greatest antimicrobial activity in relation to gram-negative microorganisms. The sensitivity to norfloxacin of the studied salmonella (Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella choleraesuis, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella dublin) ranged from 83.3-100%, cultures with intermediate sensitivity values were 15.8% (S. choleraesuis) and 16.7% (S. enteritidis). Salmonella isolates resistant to norfloxacin were not isolated in our studies. Sensitive cultures of Escherichia coli were 78.2%, with 10.1% of the isolates having intermediate sensitivity, and 14% were resistant. We studied 11 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, of which 10 (90.9%) were sensitive and 1 (9.1%) was stable. All isolates of morganella and pasteurella (Morganella morganii, Pasteurella multo-cida) were sensitive to norfloxacin. Among pathogens of streptococcosis (Streptococcus spp.), Listeriosis (Listeria monocitogenes) and swine erysipelas (Erysipelotrix rhusiopa-tiae), norfloxacin-resistant isolates were not isolated. The proportion of sensitive cultures of Streptococcus uberis was 87.5%, coagu-lase-negative staphylococci - 91.8% and cultures of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius - 75%. Norfolloxacin-sensitive cultures of Staphylococcus hyicus and Staphylococcus aureus in the experiment were 57.1% and 84.8%, respectively, isolates with intermediate sensitivity values - 4.8% and 9.1%, and resistant - 38.1% and 6.1 %. The number of sensitive enterococci reached 63.3%, 20% of the isolates were of intermediate sensitivity, and 16.7% of the cultures were stable. In the experiment, a larger number of esherich-ia-resistant to norfloxacin (11.7%) was isolated than to ciprofloxacin (8.4%) and ofloxacin (9.2%). A greater percentage of norfloxacin-sensitive St. hyicus, St. aureus and enterococci.

In the present work, the influence of the hepatoprotector “Hepalan” on the milk production of heifers is analyzed. The study revealed an increase in milk yield in first-calf heifers who were asked the test drug in all three months of the milking period in relation to first-calf heifers kept on a common farm ration. So, for one feed head from the experimental group, milk was received in the first month of lactation by 1.25% more than in the control group (26.91 kg / head of milk in the control group compared to 27.25 kg / head of milk in the experimental group ) In the second month of lactation, 3.97% (29.78 kg / head of milk in the control group versus 31.01 kg / head of milk in the experimental group). For the third month of lactation, the difference in milk yields between groups of animals reached 10.7%, in favor of the experimental one (32.6 kg / head of milk in the control group versus 36.5 kg / head of milk in the experimental group). No visible effect of this hepatoprotector on the protein and fat content in the milk of the heifers studied was found. There was only a slight increase in these indicators in animals from the experimental group. As a result of this study, it was found that the inclusion of the hepatoprotector “Hepalan” in the composition of the current diet provided an improvement in the physiological state of animals, against which a marked increase in milk productivity was observed by the end of the milking period. Thus, we recommend the Hepalan dietary supplement for successful use in the feeding of cows in industrial production.

Phytobiotics are natural preparations or feed additives of plant origin. Essential oils, which are part of phytobiotic complexes, unlike antibiotics, have a selective antimicrobial effect, inhibiting the growth of pathogenic in the gastrointestinal tract, and at the same time create the conditions for the growth of “useful” probiotic microflora. Rigatirin contains as a forming substance a set of sorbents, which are the matrix for plant extracts, ensures their delivery to the animal. In the intestine, ion exchange is carried out, sorption is additionally carried out, and toxic substances are removed from the body. Thanks to the constituents of plant components, the drug has immunostimulat-ing, growth promoting, antimycotic, antimicrobial and adaptogenic properties. The aim of our research was to study the effect of the new phytosorption complex on lactating cows. To study the effect of rigati-rin on the biochemical composition of the blood of experimental animals, two groups of black-motley cows were created, 15 animals in each group. In the experimental group, in addition to the main diet, rigatirin was administered at a dose of 60 g / goal for 60 days. The control group was asked only the diet, without any additives. The main indicators that characterize the functional state of the liver, kidneys and some other organs and organ systems were studied in the blood. Studies have shown that the addition of a phytosorption complex to the diet of lactating cows does not have an adverse effect on the animal organism. Biochemical blood parameters of experimental animals were within physiological values and indicated the intensity of metabolic processes. The development and implementation of phytobiotic drugs in the national economy and veterinary practice is relevant and is a promising area.

This paper presents the results of clinical studies conducted on white rats using the hepatoprotector "Hepaton". To study the effect of the drug, the body temperature of animals was measured three times: before the experiment, 90 and 180 days after the introduction of the hepatoprotector. And also at the same time determined the duration of hexenal sleep. A TPEM-1 electric medical thermometer was used to measure rectal temperature, and a hexenal solution of 90 mg / kg with a solvent in the form of a 0.9% sodium chloride solution was used to determine the duration of hexenal sleep. Data on the measurement of rectal body temperature of rats showed the absence of significant differences in animals from the experimental and control groups. Body temperature throughout the experiment was within the physiological norm and ranged from 35.4 ° C to 36.7 ° C. Indicators on the duration of hexenal sleep indicated that the hepatoprotector significantly reduced sleep time 90 and 180 days after its use in the experimental group compared to the control group of rats, which indirectly indicates the activation of the liver detoxifying function under the influence of the hepaton dosage form.

A large number of tests have already proved that it is natural components, or rather their complexes, that can adequately replace most existing antimicrobial agents. So, at the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology FSBEI SPbGAVM developed a whole line of antimicrobial and antimycotic drugs based on plant and sorption components. In this experiment, the minimum concentrations of phytosorbton complexes with antimicrobial activity in vitro were determined. For this, the well method was used in relation to reference strains of microorganisms. The studies were carried out according to standard methods for the following microorganisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacterbaumannii. Three types of phytosorption complex were used as material for the study. Compound № 1, 2, and 3 included sorbents with already proven antimycotic activity. In addition to sorbents, oregano oil and thyme herb containing carvacrol were added to sample № 1, a preparation representing the amount of bisulfates of natural alkaloids sanguinarine and heleritrin was added to compound № 2, and sample № 3 - all three components - oregano oil, thyme grass, and a source of natural alkaloids sanguinarine and hel-erythrin. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that compound № 3, which includes both sorbents and oregano oil, thyme herb and a source of natural alkaloids sanguinarine and chelerythrin, has a high antimicrobial effect. This complex should be considered as a possible alternative to antibiotics, taking into account the receipt of safe and quality products.

Nowadays bronchia1 asthma of cats is insuf-ficiently investigated and 1acks diagnostic criterias , and the described features of the c1inica1 manifestations of this disease. Taking into account this fact, as we11 as its significant veterinary, medica1, mora1 and ethical significance, we have determined the feasibi1ity and re1evance of scientific research- to form a more comp1ete comp1ex picture of the disease. Bronchoscopy of cats with such diagnosis is used for diagnostic purposes for direct examination of the inner surface of the trachea and bronchi, as we11 as for microscopic examination of soft tissues and samp1ing of materia1 for bacterio1ogy. This is a new direction in the c1inica1 diagnosis and therapy of sma11 pets. Our study were invo1ved 32 domestic cats, anima1s of different breeds and age groups. The study was conducted on the basis of the veterinary Oncology c1inic in Saint-Petersburg, Shast1ivaya street 5 in the period from 2015 - 2018. The aim of our work: bronchoscopy of anima1s with a c1inica1 picture of obstructive bronchitis in the presence of an a11ergic component, eva1uation and improvement of the diagnosis itse1f. The obtained data of endoscopic examination of the contents of the bronchi and bronchia1 secretion were processed statistica11y, that a11owed to characterize in more detai1s the specific feature of the patho1ogica1 process occurring in cats with the diagnosis - bronchia1 asthma. The genera1 data are as fo11ows: 87.5% of the mucous membrane of the soft pa1ate and 1arynx are not hyperemic, 87.5% of the tonsils are norma1. The 1arynx is not changed in 69%, trachea in 94% and bronchi - in 69% of cases. At the same time, patho1ogica1 exudates in the upper respiratory tract were in a11 anima1s in different ways: 66% had an abundant amount of content in the trachea, 75% in the bronchi, and moderate content in the trachea - 34% and in the bronchi - 25% of animals.

Intervertebral Disk Diseases (IVDD) in French Bulldog breed dogs show up to 86.2% among dogs with neurological disorders. The object of the study was 39 French bu11dog dogs aged 5-11 years of both sexes. The experimental group consisted of 17 dogs with simi1ar signs of neuro1ogica1 disorders, the control group consisted of 22 c1inica11y hea1thy dogs. C1inica1 and biochemica1 b1ood tests were conducted in French bu11-dogs with IVDDI type. A significant (at p < 0.05) increase in the va1ues of ALT, G1dg, creatinine, hemog1obin, erythrocytes, and p1ate1ets was shown in comparison with hea1thy dogs. However, a11 indicators were practica11y within the reference ranges. To make an accurate diagnosis of the dogs, Mie-1o-CT and MRI were performed. Based on the CT scan, it was found that in 7 patients there is extrusion of the disk substance at the 1eve1 of the cervica1 vertebrae with a spina1 cana1 over1ap of 20-30%. These patients underwent decompression of the spina1 cord using the Ventra1 S1ot method, the postoperative period was uneventfu1. According to the resu1ts of a repeated examination of neurological deficit in these dogs was not detected. Nine French bu11dogs were diagnosed with 1esions in the 1umbar spina1 cord and underwent a 1aminectomy. However, on1y 6 out of 9 dogs had surgica1 intervention to e1iminate spina1 cord compression and remove the pain response. Postoperative physiotherapy courses were conducted in two patients, as a resu1t of which positive dynamics were observed, but comp1ete recovery of motor activity did not occur. Further, surgica1 treatment of spina1 cord decompression was carried out. Surgica1 treatment of I-type diseases of intervertebra1 discs did not a1ways 1ead to fu11 restoration of functions, long-term rehabi1itation was required, which had positive aspects in the dynamics of the condition, but in some cases it cou1d not be achieved.

The Aim of our research is studying of features of branching of the venous vessels of the oviduct and kidneys in chickens of the cross "Hajseks white". The objects of the study were the carcasses of adult chickens at 160-180 days of age. To study the veins, the method of pouring through the femoral vein with latex brand SCS-65 followed by fixation in a 4% aqueous solution of formaldehyde was used. As a result of our research, we found that the veins of the oviduct are divided into extra - and intra-organ. Extraor-ganic veins (cranial jajtsevidnaja, the average jajtsevidnaja, jajtsevidnaja caudal, cranial uterine) collect venous blood from the funnel, Magnum, isthmus, uterus and vagina. Intraorgan the venous bed of the oviduct consists of macroscopically visible tributaries 5-1 orders of magnitude, forming many anastomoses. Venous blood vessels of the kidneys have a closed annular shape formed by connecting right and left caudal renal portal vein in the posterior part and the anterior - right and left cranial renal portal veins. Renal veins collect filtered through the renal parenchyma venous blood from the middle and caudal parts of the kidneys. Blood is collected from the cranial part along the cranial portal vein and flows into the vertebral venous sinus. Venous blood from the kidneys simultaneously flows through three different vessels: the first way - through the cranial portal vein from the cranial lobes of the kidneys, the outflow of venous blood is carried out into the internal vertebral sinus; the second on the right and left renal portal veins, the blood flowing through the renal parenchyma, forming a double network of capillaries from the renal veins, forming a double supply otlichny the mechanism of movements and the intensive filtration of venous blood through the kidneys; third, outflow is noted on kopchik-mesenteric Vienna in the liver. Features of the location of venous vessels in the serous and muscular membranes indicate a close connection of a certain venous line with each Department of the oviduct, differing from each other in their functional significance.

This paper presents the results of clinical, biochemical and pathological studies of dairy cows and heifers with the same type of feeding. The study revealed: a significant metabolic disorder, dysfunction of the neuroendocrine system, as well as a high content of urea and urea nitrogen in newborn cows, which were 8.6 ± 0.5 mmol / L and 3.77 ± 0.23 mmol / L, respectively . The level of reserve alkalinity in the blood was lower than the normative indices in 90% of the studied animals and was in the range 38.33 ± 3.12 - 40.32 ± 4.66 vol /%. The albumin content was below normal in 40%, cholesterol also in 40%, and triglycerides in 45% of the studied animals. Acid-base balance shifted towards acidosis. This state in the body led to a decrease in the synthesis of albumin in the liver, a decrease in its antitoxic function, a decrease in sugar, and an increase in the number of ketone bodies in the animal body. Clinical examination of the cows we studied revealed bursitis on the pelvic limbs and hock arthritis in 12% of animals, in 43% - average fatness below normal, ruffled and dull coat, shortening of the last rib was noted in 6% of animals and cartilaginous growths were felt on it tissue. During the movement of animals, lameness and lethargy of gait were observed in 18% of the heads. Violations of the feeding and keeping conditions led to the appearance of diseases such as osteodystorophia, ketosis, dystrophic processes in the liver, impaired functions in the reproductive system, musculoskeletal system and premature departure of up to 31% of highly productive cows from the herd.

The article presents an analysis of statistical data on the spread of non-communicable diseases of wild, exotic and ornamental animals of the zoo of different taxonomic groups from 2015 to 2018. The work used statistical, clinical, hematological, zootechnical, biochemical, morphological, veterinary, morphological and biometric research methods. In 8.2-12.88% of the animals from the total number of zoo livestock, diseases of various etiologies were detected, in 28% of cases digestive system diseases were recorded, the main reasons for which are the factors limiting their active movement and constant stresses due to the specifics of the institution. Digestive apparatus diseases were recorded in 2016 - 83 cases and amounted to 2.7% of the total number of livestock, which is 0.2% lower compared to 2015. In 2017, there was an increase in the number of animals with pathology of the digestive system compared to 2016 by 0.65% and amounted to 3.35%. In 2018, the lowest level of gastrointestinal tract disease in wild animals was noted - 1.83%. Non-infectious gastroenteritis of animals of the zoological institution accounts for 88.7% of diseases of the digestive system. In general, diseases of the digestive system are noted in middle-aged animals at 76.9%, since these are the ones that are exhibited and make up the main collection of the institution. The main disorders of the gastrointestinal tract are interrelated with a violation of the functional state of the liver; hepatosis was diagnosed in 33.1% of cases of diseases, then enteritis (17.5% of diseases) and poisoning - 6.8%. To ensure the strengthening of immunity and reduce the incidence of the digestive tract of adult animals and young animals, introduce vitamin-mineral premixes into the diet. To prevent the occurrence of ketoses and hepatoses, use energy supplements based on complex carbohydrates.

The aim of this study was to study the effect of the probiotic strain Enterococcus faecim L3 on the composition of the intestinal microbiota, blood biochemical parameters, and the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes. It was found that the administration of En-terococcus faecim L3 to piglets during weaning helps to reduce levels of alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol and increase blood glucose level. At the same time, there was a tendency towards a decrease in the content of E. coli in the intestinal microbiota. An increase in the activity of a number of intestinal digestive enzymes (а-amylase, maltase, aminopeptidase N) and a decrease in the activity of alkaline phosphatase were noted. Thus, the use of a probiotic preparation based on the Enterococcus faecim L3 strain for piglets during weaning improves the composition of the intestinal microbiota, a number of biochemical blood parameters and the activity of key intestinal digestive enzymes, which accelerates the adaptation of the animal organism to a new type of nutrition.

In the work, the authors described the incidence of tendonitis among large farm animals (horses, cows, bulls), the causes of their occurrence and the characteristic clinical signs of this pathology. During diagnostic measures, it was revealed that the clinical signs of tendon pathology were visually quite pronounced in horses and bulls - producers, in cows this pathology was smoothed or hidden. Biochemical blood tests showed that in horses with manifestations of tendonitis, the content of medium-mass molecules was significantly higher by 25.12% than in healthy animals; the level of sialic acids was also higher by 9.58%, but this difference was not significant; noteworthy is the almost double increase in the level of circulating immune complexes (PEG - 4.14) in sick animals and the level of circulating immune complexes (PEG - 7.25) by 45.36%, compared with healthy animals. At the same time, the aspirin test rate was higher by 49.15% in healthy animals, and the level of lysozyme in patients and healthy horses had a difference of only 4.54%, which was not reliable. In manufacturing bulls, the concentration of medium-weight molecules in the blood of sick animals increased by 23.6%; sialic acids increased by 4.94% and the concentration of circulating immune complexes with PEG-4.14 increased by 10.82%; the concentration of circulating immune complexes with PEG-7.25 had a significant increase of 39.71% .; the content of lyso-zyme, compared with healthy, increased by 18.5%. The aspirin test index has almost doubled compared to healthy animals. These pathologies cause significant damage to livestock farms, in view of the downtime of breeding animals sent for rehabilitation and treatment, and their culling.

Studies, according to the tasks, were to study changes in the hemato1ogica1, biochemica1, endocrino1ogica1 profi1e of cows with diseases of the 1imbs in comparison with c1inica11y hea1thy. The experimenta1 part of the work was carried out in the SEC "Vyshgorodsky" Ryazan region, Ryazan region, 1aboratory studies were carried out at the Department of veterinary and sanitary examination, surgery, obstetrics and interna1 diseases of anima1s FGBOU V RGATU. The resu1ts presented in the paper indicate that cows due to diseases of the 1imbs, espe-cia11y septic nature, there is a stress reaction, characterized by a deviation of the main b1ood parameters. The most striking changes were observed in the indicators of white b1ood. For examp1e, the number of white b1ood ce11s was higher than in hea1thy cows by an average of 26 %. In the biochemica! profi1e of sick cows noted a decrease in a1-bumin by an average of 30 %, whi1e maintaining the overa11 amount of totat protein. Despite the increase in the tota1 number of 1eukocytes, there were signs of immunosuppressive state, which were expressed in a decrease in 1ymphocytes by an average of 20 %. Indicators of endocrino1ogica1 profi1e c1ear1y reflected the course of the stress reaction in sick cows. This was ref1ected in an increase in cortiso1, more than 80% and thyroxine on average in the group by 35 %. It is important to note that in the 1eukogram in cows with septic 1esions of the 1imbs, we observed monocytosis. During the research we found that anima1s with c1inica11y severe c1audication on the background of patho1ogies of the 1imbs for a 1ong time, experience stress, are exposed in subsequent immunosuppressive condition, which is hard to come subsequent, which is manifested by changes in c1inica1, biochemi-ca1 parameters of b1ood and their c1inica1 condition.

Low-intensity laser radiation has an integrated effect on the functioning of all body systems, normalizing their work in pathology. However, a General theory of physiotherapy has not yet been developed. It is obvious that the search for the acceptor of laser radiation is the most important in solving the problem of the action of low-intensity laser radiation. It is known that low-intensity laser radiation can have its effect on the body through the activation of stress-implementing systems. In this regard, the aim of the work is to study the mechanisms of action of low-intensity laser radiation on red b1ood ce11s of catt1e in the state of physiological norm and under technologica1 stress. In vitro experiments investigated the effect of low-intensity laser radiation with a wavelength of 830 nm, a total power of 90 mW on erythrocytes pre-incubated with adrena1ine, cortiso1 and p-adrenoceptor blocker-propranolol. Irradiated red blood cells continuously Autonomous laser shower "marsik" for 15 minutes. The concentration of ATP and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPH) was determined in all groups of cells by nonenzymatic method. It was revea1ed that the effect of low-intensity laser radiation on the erythrocytes of animals not subjected to stress during incubation with adrenaline reduced the concentration of ATP, preincubation of cells with cortisol, propranolol caused, on the contrary, an increase in the concentration of ATP relative to the control cells. The effect of low-intensity laser radiation on the erythrocytes of anima1s after exposure to stress a1so caused a mu1tidirectional effect on the leve1 of ATP. Incubation of erythrocytes with adrenaline and propranolol led to an increase in the concentration of ATP under the action of low-intensity laser radiation, incubation of erythrocytes with cortisol s1ightly reduced the concentration of ATP. Under the action of low-intensity laser radiation on erythrocytes of animals not subjected to stress, there was a decrease in the content of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate after preincubation with the studied modifiers. Thus, low-intensity laser radiation can act as a modulator that provides homeostasis of cells depending on the functional state of the organism, which must be taken into account when deve1oping a technology of therapeutic action of low-intensity laser radiation.

The objective of the research is to study the effect of microclimate parameters in the brooders installed in the rest area of piglets on the growth and safety indices of young animals, reproductive characteristics of sows. The object of research is nursing sows with newborn piglets, divided in three groups of 12 heads each. The piglets of the 1st control group were kept on heated floor during the nursing period of 28 days. The cylindrical brooders, bounded with a cone from above in the 2nd group, with a truncated cone fitted with a valve in the 3rd group were installed in the rest area of the experimental groups of suckling piglets. The heated floor was the means of heating during the first two weeks of life of young animals in the experimental groups. It was established that the optimal microclimate parameters were created in the brooders of the 2nd experimental group during the first two weeks of the nursing period. By the time of weaning the air temperature increased to 30.6 °C in the closed airspace of the brooders, the concentration of ammonia - to 9.3 mg/m3, the air velocity was 0.04 m/s in this group, which contributed to an increase in the live weight of piglets only by 7.4 % (p<0.05), the weight of nest the sow - by 10.2 % (P<0.01), in comparison with the control group. More optimal parameters of the microclimate during the entire nursing period due to the valves allowing to adjust the width of the holes on top of the truncated cones of brooders of the 3rd experimental group, contributed to an increase in the live weight of pigs by 8.9 % (p<0.01), their safety - by 3.5 %, the weight of nest the sow - by 12.8 % (P<0.001) by time of weaning in comparison with the control.

The results of veterinary-sanitary examination and assessment of the external and internal nutria fat under different temperature and humidity storage conditions are represented in the article. The research materials were the following: samples of external nutria fat, taken from the dorsal surface of the body, and samples of internal fat, represented by the omentum and kidney fat. In total, 116 fat samples were taken. To identify the shelf life of nutria were examined external and internal fat under different temperature and humidity conditions, organoleptic, physical and chemical indicators of the fat samples. It was done immediately after sampling, and then stored under the following conditions: temperature + 18 - + 22°С, relative humidity 60-65%; temperature 0 - +4°С, relative humidity 70-75% and temperature -18°С, relative humidity 80-85%. Analyses of fat samples, stored at + 18 - + 22°С and 0 - + 4°С, was carried out daily til obtaining characteristic indicators for stale fat. For the samples, that were stored at - 180C, the study was carried out once a month during 6 months. The organoleptic study of fat was performed, determining the color, smell, clarity and consistency of fat. During the laboratory tests, the peroxide value was indicated according to the State Standard of the Russian Federation 51487-99 “Animal and vegetable fats and oils. Indication of the peroxide number "; acid number according to the State Standard of the Russian Federation 50457-92 (ISO 660-83) “Animal and vegetable fats and oils. Determination of acid number and acidity” and qualitative aldehydes reaction with res-orcinol in benzene according to the Widman Method. As a result of the studies, it was established that the shelf life at temperature of + 18°С + 22°С and a relative humidity of 60-65% of the external and internal nutria fat lasts for 6 days. At temperature of 180C and a relative humidity of 80-85%, the shelf life of external fat lasts for 4 months and 5 months for internal fat. At a storage temperature of 0 + 4°C and a relative humidity of 70 -75%, the shelf life of the external and internal nutria fat lasts for 12 days.

The status of radiation safety in the Russian Federation is determined not only by the number of radiation facilities, the category of their potential radiation hazard, technical status, nature of use, but also the implementation of measures to ensure radiation safety, availability of effective control over the implementation of regulatory requirements including through regular monitoring of levels of radioactive contamination of water of open reservoirs and drinking water sources. Based on the results of radiation-hygienic certification in the subjects of the Russian Federation, as well as the Federal service for Hydrometeorology and environmental monitoring, the Volga-Vyatka region as a whole is safe in terms of radioactive contamination. However, due to the annual increase in the number of organizations using man-made sources of ionizing radiation, the increase in radiation hazardous facilities, materials intended for their elimination and disposal, the physical aging of radiation hazardous facilities, as well as systems, complexes and means of their physical protection, it is necessary to constantly monitor the radiation situation of both the Volga-Vyatka region and other subjects of the Russian Federation. According to Roshydromet, in the waters of the rivers of the Volga-Vyatka region, the concentration of radionuclides remains approximately at the same level, which is significantly lower than the level of intervention for drinking water regulations. Exceeding the levels of intervention for the specific activity of strontium-90 and cesium-137 in the water sources of drinking water supply in any of the subjects of the Volga-Vyatka region was not registered. Cases of exceeding the criteria for primary assessment of drinking water by specific total alpha and beta activity are usually associated with water abstraction from underground water sources. No samples of drinking water containing radionuclides exceeding the normative values and requiring protective measures in the Volga-Vyatka region were registered. In General, the content of radionuclides in water on the territory of the Volga-Vyatka region does not exceed the permissible average annual volume activities for the population. Regular monitoring of drinking water and water in open water bodies of both the Volga -Vyatka region and other subjects of the Russian Federation allows timely detection of any changes in the levels of radioactive contamination of these facilities and immediately take the necessary measures to protect the population from them.

Pollution of fish habitat in fishery waters and other factors of anthropogenic impact had a negative impact on the state of fish stocks in the waters of the North-Western region of Russia; most affected are salmon and whitefish - atlantic salmon and white-fish (especially Volkhov whitefish), as the most sensitive to the quality of envi-ronement and reproduction conditions. For this article literature were analyzes in order to identify the causes of the decline in the number of Atlantic salmon and whitefish of lake Ladoga. Also were carried out pathological studies of fish from reservoirs and hatcheries, as well as biotesting of water samples and sediments, chemical and analytical studies of water samples. Comparative analysis of the results and their comparison with the literature data showed that one of the main reasons for the decline in the Baltic population of Atlantic salmon and whitefish in the waters of the NorthWest is a violation of the processes of natural and hatchery reproduction. It is associated with the influence of Toxicological factors on the early stages of development of salmon and whitefish, on the physiological state of producers and their offspring. To normalize these processes and improve the efficiency of fish reproduction, a new effective method of harvesting salmon producers, obtaining offspring and finally growing offspring in marine cages has been developed. New closed water supply systems for fish farms and hatcheries based on natural and industrial principles of environmental engineering have been developed.

Over the past decade in the fish-farming waters, dramatically decreased the stocks and, of course, the fish catch amount of valuable species - whitefish, salmon, perch and so on. Thus, for rational fishfarming, sustainable fisheries must conduct ongoing monitoring of fish environment, population, reproduction of fish stocks and evaluate correct estimation of value of the grounded fishing. Studies were conducted on lake Ladoga and the Volkhov river. The state of fish was assessed by a five-point system designed to assess the degree of toxicosis; severity of pathological changes; determination of the level of pollution of the reservoir, based on the severity of the pathological processes, going on in fishes ; the percentage of damage to juveniles during early ontogenesis. In the article is regarded a method of determining the actual rates of natural and commercial mortality, regarding the actual number and catch of fish, depending on the reasonable intensity in each age class. The revealed coefficients of total mortality determine the actual total catch of fish from all consumers and the loss from natural mortality, taking into account the death of fish in early ontogenesis from pollution. Further, by intensity value were revealed the number of dead and caught fish and their coefficients. Comparison value of ODU with actual mortality of fish, indicates the need to reduce the intensity of fishing. To do this, it is necessary to reduce the length of the fishing period of walleye, forbidding its catch for industrial and amateur fishing from the period of melt of the ice until the middle or end of June. Thus, it is expedient, to forbid during this period the use of networks with a mesh value of 26 mm and above. Pollution of surface waters, especially in some cases, acquires a global character with regional and local characteristics and it must be taken into account, in solving the problems of protection of water bodies from pollution and renovation of fish population. In addition to identifying predictive factors and values of actual catches we have to solve problems of artificial fish breeding.