The aim of our study was to analyze cows' milk for mastitis, caused by Mycoplasma bovis, using modern molecular genetic methods - real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR Real-time) on a microchip with lyophilized test systems. Mastitis of farm animals cause significant economic damage to livestock farmers. PCR real-time is a more rapid, effective, sensitive and chip method than the standard cultural technique, and can be used as an alternative method. In the study were done molecular-genetic study of milk samples of cows with hidden and clinically manifested mastitis. For Polymerase chain reaction for the detection and identification of Mycoplasma bovis from mastitis milk were used samples from cows of black-and-white breed from husbandries of the North-West region. DNA extraction was performed from clinical specimens taken from farms. For amplification microarray used RT-PCR cycler "AriaDNA" and microchip with lyophilized reagents developed SC "Lumex". In the samples were identified microorganisms Mycoplasma bovis. Ruminant mycoplasmoses are important diseases worldwide, that results in sugnificant economic loses. The method of molecular genetic diagnosis in the microchip format allows to reduce the preparing time for the study, simplify and speed up the analysis procedure, and also makes it possible to screen a large number of samples in a short time.

Due to the fact that currently existing methods of specific prophylaxis are not always effective, the incidence and mortality from escherichiosis remains high and is recorded in many farms of the Russian Federation. For immunotherapy and prevention of intestinal infections in young animals, 4 types of biologics are used: vaccines that create active immunity; immune sera and immunoglobulins; immunostimulants; bacteriophages. For the early prevention of infectious diseases, the most effective is vaccination. The purpose of the work is to develop the technological regulations for the manufacture, testing, study of the biocidal and therapeutic properties of colisalmonella anatoxin vaccine. Technological regulations have been developed for the preparation and use of colisalmonella anatoxin vaccine. The use of synthetic nutrient medium for the separate cultivation of Salmonella and Escherichia coli with a concentration of microorganisms up to 7-9x1010 mx. / ml, providing a complete and irreversible detoxification of a complex of Escherichia coli and Salmonella endo- and ekzotoxins by autoclavation them with two detoxicants: in the first stage 0.2 % formalin solution (instead of 0.8%) at 40 ° C for 7 days, in the second stage - with a 0.5% solution of etonium at 41 ± 1 ° C for 7 days, allowed us to obtain an effective and harmless biological product - anatoxin-vaccine. Testing of colisalmonella anatoxin-vaccine was carried out on the basis of pig-breeding complexes of Kursk and Kaluga regions. Colisalmonella toxoid vaccine was sucked up to piglets twice at a dose of 35-50 ml / head for 2-3 days. Revaccination was performed after 2-3 weeks. An increase in the therapeutic and prophylactic effect of the experimental colisalmonella anatoxin vaccine is achieved by additional feeding of probiotic microorganisms (lactic acid bacteria) and chelate compounds of micro- and macroelements 5-6 hours after each administration of the experimental vaccine.

The epizootic situation of rabies in the Belgorod Region from 1954 to 1963 was analyzed. 306 cases of rabies were registered in the region for the indicated period. The greatest number of cases of this disease were registered in dogs - 145 (47,38%). Among the cattle in this period - 132 (43,13%) cases of the disease were noted. Rabies of small cattle, pigs and horses was noted in single cases and could not influence the general tendency of epizootia. The rabies among foxes and other wild animals in this period was not recorded. The greatest distribution was 76 (24,83%), rabies was registred in the Belgorod district, namely in its administrative center - Belgorod, as well as in areas where the administrative centers are relatively large cities. The isolated cases of rabies were noted in rural districts (Korochansky, Rakityansky, Krasnogvardeysky).Four cases of hydrophobia among people were recorded during the same period. From 1180 to 2170 people, of whom 127-208 people affected by animals with established rabies annually sought medical help in connection with injuries inflicted by animals. The Pasteur cabinet functioned in Belgorod. Non-staff Pasteur stations worked in every district of the region. Preventive vaccination of domestic animals was extremely poor in this period. From 1200 to 3570 dogs were vaccinated against rabies from 1954 to 1963 in the region annually.

The main risks in the artificial reproduction of aquatic biological resources are due to diseases of farmed objects. The most serious biological and economic consequences are associated with infectious - infectious and invasive diseases. In aquacul ture conditions, their flow differs in intensity and mass character, leading to significant losses. High planting density, poor-quality food, the accumulation of metabolic products in water reduce the resistance of fish and increase the likelihood of them becoming infected with pathogens of bacterial diseases. Infection occurs by direct contact, through infected eggs, water, food, equipment. Bacterial diseases are the most dangerous, as the conditions of the aquatic environment complicate the fight against them. Salmon is one of the most valuable species of fish. Biotechnology of their cultivation requires a lot of money, so it is important to prevent a decrease in the quantity and quality of products due to contamination of these fish with bacterial diseases

Cattle leukemia - a viral infectious chronic disease of a tumorous nature, takes the first place in the modern nosological structure of infectious animal diseases. Modern studies have shown that there is a danger of infection by this disease for people.Veterinary welfare of livestock is primar ily associated with epizootic well-being, which depends on the level of control of the epizootic process in a particular territory. In the control system of the epizootic process, epizootic monitoring and control of the epizootic process are important. It is impossible to achieve success in the implementation of epizootic monitoring without computer models based on managed databases. Perspective systems for monitoring animal diseases should use geo-information technologies. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the possibility of using geographic information support to create a digital layout of the epizootic situation map on a cattle leukemia model in a specific territory. Sources of information for conducting epizootological studies were source materials in the form of statistical data, allowing to obtain a tentative assessment of the situation on cattle leukemia in a specific territory. To create a database of epidemiological data, we used Post-greSQL / PostGIS, which is a collection of basic tables, forms, queries and reports. The rationality of the application of geoinformation technologies in the proposed system of epizootic monitoring with the same algorithm of visualization of epizooto-logical data in case of cattle leukemia is substantiated. The practical application of the developed digital epizootological mapping scheme, a computer database on a cattle leukemia model will improve the efficiency of the epizootological monitoring information system and will facilitate the adoption of optimal management decisions in the state veterinary surveillance services.

The purpose of the publication of this article was the existing problem of the spread and improvement of cattle from leukemia in the Smolensk region. The article presents the data of the analysis of epizootic situation on bovine leukemia in the Smolensk region from 2000 to 2018. The analysis of the epizootic situation indicates that in 2000 the infection of cattle with leukemia was the highest, the level of virus transmission reached 9.7 %. And in 2002 there was a high rate of detection of hematologically sick animals, it was 0.86 %. Over the years of long-term observations of the epizootic process, it is noted that at present the level of morbidity and infection of animals with bovine leukemia in the Smolensk region has significantly decreased. The measures taken to prevent and combat leukemia in cattle in the Smolensk region for many years, allowed to change the epizootic situation and improve the situation for the disease. In recent years, the region has increased the number of diagnostic studies on serology, increased the number of studies on ELISA. According to the results of these studies in the region decreased rates of infection of animals, which over the past decade has decreased by more than 9 times. Currently, the epizootic situation has improved markedly, but there are still problems and the area is not completely free from leukemia in cattle. [11].

The aim of this work was to study the antimicrobial activity and compare efficacy of the drugs Eteracid and BiSalTech against the main causative agents of bacterial diseases of animals and birds. 3 cultures of 11 types of pathogens were used in the work: one culture of Salmonella gallinarum-pullorum Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella group E, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus citreus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus zooepidemicus; and 2 cultures of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis (from chickens and quail). Antimicrobial activity of additives were determined by the method of serial dilutions. Crops incubated in a thermostat at a temperature of 37,5 С 24 hours, and then were removed from MPB to solid media - Endo agar (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella gallinar-um, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella group E), KHLD-agar (Escherichia coli), MPA (Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus zooepidemicus), Staphylococcus agar (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus citreus, Staphylococcus epidermidis) and the growth of colonies of cultures of pathogens were calculated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MPC) was determined by the lowest concentration of the drug, which suppressed the visible growth of the test microorganism. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined by the lowest concentration of the drug, at which there were no growth of microorganisms in solid media. The results are reflected in the calculation of the effective dose of the drug at the rate of one liter of the drug per ton of drinking water.

Fascioliasis in the subjects of the North Caucasus is distributed with the extent of invasion in the adult sheep population within 22-38% with AI-10-68 specimens / individuals. In this regard, an important task is search, development and testing of an integrated trematodoses Anthelmintics for the treatment and prevention of fascioliasis of sheep and other animal species. The goal is a test of a new complex preparation "Closeness f' when fasciolata sheep. Experimental tests of the new complex drug "Closantox f "in spontaneous fascioliasis of sheep were carried out on 21 ewes at the age of 3 years of age by the group method in the conditions of FH" Balkaria " of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic. Experimental and control sheep (n=21) weighing 36-40 kg were divided into 3 groups according to the principle of analogues of 7 heads in each group. Was prepared a prototype of a new complex preparation "Closeness f', which is based on 1G: closalben - 200 mg triclabendazole -150mg, fenbendazole -- 200 mg of iodized salt-150 mg of bentonite (moisture 10%) -300 mg. In the experiment it was found that the drug "Closeness f when fasciolata sheep at a dose of 30 mg/kg of body weight has EE - 86,0% and IE to 92.4% for 15 days. after giving the drug. The drug "Closantox f in a regulated dose in sheep fascioliasis has no side effect, is Biosafety and does not have a negative effect on the quality of lamb. The new drug "Closantox f at a dose of 30 mg / kg of body weight in a mixture with feed 1:100 is recommended for the introduction into practice of deworming of sheep fascioliasis.

The acute toxicity of norfloxacin for chickens has been studied with various routes of administration. The experiment was conducted on chickens breed Hisex Brown in oral, intraperitoneal and intramuscular injections of the drug. The study used cockerels age 14 days, which were combined in groups of 10 goals. Orally, norfloxacin was administered using a gastric probe in doses of 10005000 mg/kg body weight. The interval between doses was 1000 mg. The drug was administered intraperitoneally in doses of 100800 mg/kg body weight, the interval between doses was 100 and 200 mg. Intramuscularly, norfloxacin was injected into the pectoral muscle of chickens at doses of 400-1200 mg/ kg body weight, with an interval between doses of 200 mg. The control chickens were injected with 1 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution, one group was intact. Chickens were observed for two weeks, changes in behavior, physiological state were taken into account, as well as death was recorded. Parameters of acute toxicity of norfloxacin for chickens were calculated according to the method of Litchfield and Wilcoxon. As a result of research, it was found that oral administration of norfloxacin to the chickens LD50 of the drug amounted to 3770 (2992÷4750) mg/kg. When intraperitoneal administration LD50 of the drug was equal to 380 (277÷520) mg/kg body weight. With intramuscular injection of norfloxacin, the LD50 of the preparation for chickens was 637 (510÷796) mg/kg body weight. Oral and parenteral administration of norfloxacin to chickens is classified as Class III toxicity - moderately hazardous substances.

The effectiveness of each pharmacological composition based on dextran depends on the average size of its molecules. Therefore, oxidized dextrans are of particular interest for pharmacology, since they have a high biocompatibility with the body and do not exhibit allergenic properties. Studies were carried out to study the effect of biotinylated oxidized dextran derivative (AML) on the cellular immunity of laboratory animals. The experiments were carried out at the Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Cibiri and the Far East of the FSCA RAS. The biotinylated derivative of oxidized dextran (ROD) manufactured by Federal Research and Production Center Altai (Federal Research and Production Center Al-Thai) was used as an object of research. Researches were conducted for the purpose of studying of influence of the biotinylated oxidized dextran derivative (BOD) on cellular immunity laboratory animals. Experiments are made at Institute of the experimental veterinary medicine of Siberia and the Far East SFNCA RAN. For statement of experiments by the principle of analogs created 4 groups (n=15) of white mice. To mice of all skilled groups entered BOD in a dose of 0,1 ml (5mg/kg alive weight). To the first experienced group BOD entered intramusculary, the second - subcutaneously, the third - it is oral. Mice of the fourth group served as monitoring, medicine wasn't given them. The maximum increase in number of cages in charge of cell-like immunity was observed in the first skilled group of mice to whom BOD entered in a dose 5 mg/kg of alive mass of an animal intramusculary, fivefold every 48 hours. The number of monocytes at animals increased by 58,33% and 44,0% (0,38x109/l and 0.36x109/l), and granulocytes - for 31,19% and 32,26% (2,86x109/l and 2,87 x109/l) respectively in comparison with animals of control group.

The article presents the results of studying the sensitivity of salmonella to antibacterial drugs isolated from raw materials and animal products. Of the 345 samples of beef, pork, poultry, 66 (62,27 %) strains of S. albany, 12 (11,32 %) S. typhimurium, 6 (5,66 %) S. agona, 10 ( 9,43 %) S. enteritidis, 4 (3,77 %) S. hadar, 1 (0,94 %) S. derby, 5 (4,72 %) S. shalkwijk. The sensitivity of 33 isolated strains of salmonella to 12 different antibacterial drugs was studied. It was found that 3 (9,09 %) cultures of microorganisms were sensitive to aminoglycoside group drugs (gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin); 19 (57,58 %) -fluoroquinolones (nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin); 11 (33,33 %) - polymyxins (colsitin); 6 (18.18 %) -sulfonamides (sulfatrimethoprim); 1 (3,03 %) - tetracyclines (tetracycline); 23 (69,70 %) - cephalosporins (ceftazidime). Of the studied microorganisms, 14 (42,42 %) strains were moderately resistant to the p-lactam group (ampicillin); 15 (45,45 %) -aminoglycosides (gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin); 11 (33,33 %) - fluoroquinolones (nalidixic acid, norfloccasin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin); 17 (51,52 %) - polymyxins (colistin); 15 (45,45 %) - sulfonamides (sulfatrimethoprim); 10 (30,30 %) -tetracyclines (tetracycline), cephalosporins (cefazidime). 19 (57,58 %) cultures of microorganisms were resistant to the p-lactam group (ampicillin); 15 (45,45 %) - aminoglycosides (gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin); 3 (9.09 %) - fluoroquinolones (nannidic acid, norfloccasin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin); 5 (15,15 %) - polymyxins (colistin); 12 (36,36 %) - sulfonamides (sulfatrimethoprim); 22 (66,67 %) - tetracyclines (tetracycline).

With chondroid degeneration, which occurs predominantly in chondrodystrophic dogs (in the genome of which the chondrodystrophy gene is present, which provides such phenotype features as short legs (due to dysplasia of the tubular bones), for example, dachshund, French bulldog, Pekingese, etc.) the nucleus, its cells degenerate, and the whole structure becomes dystrophic calcified. This degeneration alters the distribution of intradiscal pressure, causing foci of mechanical pressure on the fibrous ring. Over time, this anomalous pressure can lead to the rupture of individual collagen filaments of the ring before the final mechanical damage, which can lead to migration of the degenerated nucleus. In this study the diversity of clinical symptoms in 60 dogs of various breeds with intervertebral disc degenerative disease was considered. The examination included consideration of the duration of clinical signs (from 120 minutes to 9 months), data of neurological examination and computed tomography. Of the 60% of dogs with spinal cord lesions on the background of degeneration of the intervertebral disc of chondrodystrophic breeds (38 dogs) and nonchondrodystrophic breeds (22 dogs). The clinical signs of non-chondrodystrophic breeds mainly included impaired proprioception, unlike chondrodystrophics, among which all degrees of neurological deficit were presented.

According to the results of our research, it has been established that the use of Tarpaste in the presence of digital dermatitis in cows shortens the healing time by 4-5 days as compared with the conventional treatment method (aerosol - spray terramycin)used in dairy farms. It should be noted that the effectiveness of the use of tarpaste in digital dermatitis (Mortellaro disease) for bovine lesions includes its keratolytic, reducing antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and drying properties.

Oocyte selection is an initial and fundamentally important stage in the technology of producing high quality embryos in vitro. One of the promising approaches in the search for predictors of oocyte quality is the study of the relationship of the biochemical composition of the follicular fluid of cattle with the morphological and functional state of oocytes. The object of the study were: bovine ovaries of black-and-white Holstein breed, fluid of ovarian follicles (FF) and oocyte-cumulus complexes (OCC). Into account were taken: the status of the cumulus - compactness and number of layers, signs degeneration of cumulus cells (sliming cumulus and pyknotic nucleus), homogeneity and color of the oocytes ooplasm, its size, turgor and presence of inclusions. According to these criteria, the oocyte-cumulus complexes were defined as morphologically complete (viable) and not viable. The animals were divided into 2 groups according to the number of viable OCC < 50% of the total number of isolated OCC.The sample size of 21 cows or 42 ovaries. The concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as the activity of the enzyme aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined in the follicular fluid. Biochemical analysis showed that the level of triglycerides and cholesterol in the follicular fluid was higher in the group with a large yield of viable oocytes (P < 0.05). At the same time, the AST concentration is higher in the group of animals with less viable OCC (P > 0.05). The study revealed a correlation between morphologically intact OCC and the concentration of a) triglycerides was r = 0.46 with a confidence factor p = 0.10; b) cholesterol r = 0.69 confidence factor p= 0.01 and C) AST r = - 0.40 confidence factor p = 0.15.

The fertility of cows is a polygenic trait, the development of which is determined by the complex interaction of various genes and environmental factors. The aim of our work was to study the polymorphism of the FSHR gene in exon 10 in cows and analyze the connection of its allelic variants with productive and reproductive parameters, as well as with the quality and quantity of oo cyte-cumulus complexes (CCM) (obtained from post mortem ovaries..The indicator of fertility of cows is one of the most important parametres, determinating the level of breeding and economic wellness of agricultural enterprises. Since the signs of milk production and fertility of cows very often are in a negative correlation, in our work we analyzed not only a number of economically valuable features, but also studied the reproductive potential of highly productive cows of black-and-white Holstein breed. In the analyzed samples (n=69 cows or 138 ovaries) 3 genotypes were determined: FSHR gene: CC (52 cows), CG (13 cows) and GG (4 cows). There was a tendency of reduction of the breeding value (BV) for milk yield, milk fat and protein from the CC genotype to the GG genotype. A weak positive correlation was found on the signs of BV milk and milk fat with the total yield of oocyte-cumulus complexes (OCC) (correlation coefficient 0,164 and 0,108, respectively). According to the results of the study, we can conclude that the FSHR gene in cattle does not sufficiently reflect the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of OCC obtained from post mortem ovaries.

Goats of Anglo-Nubian breed have many advantages in cultivation, such as high lactation productivity, long period of lactation. Goats of this breed don’t have specific smell of milk and meat, and not even in the mating season. Currently, mostly common diseases of goats are associated with metabolic disorders in the body. These diseases affect the urinary system and can lead to disorders that affect the frequency and quality of lactation, as well as the products obtained from these animals. Without knowledge of the structure and blood supply of the urinary system, it is very difficult to diagnose diseases and pathologies of these organs, as well as to carry out their adequate treatment. We set ourselves the task of detailed and in-depth study of morphological and functional features of the structure of the organs of urinary tract, mainly kidney. The material for the study were six corpses of goats of Anglo-Nubian breed. The corpses were obtained at the slaughter of the "Gzhel Farmstead", Moscow region. For the study were used complex anatomical methods, including thin anatomical dissection, morphometry, and water intensive. As a result of the study were found that - kidney of Anglo-Nubian goats breed are located in the retroperitoneal space. The right kidney is topographically located from the last rib to the second lumbar vertebra, the left from the second to the fourth lumbar vertebra. Blood supply to the kidneys of Anglo-Nubian goats is carried out by the right and left renal arteries extending from the abdominal aorta at the level of the bodies of the second or third lumbar vertebrae.

Body material for the study was delivered to the Department of animal anatomy of t St Petersburg state Academy of veterinary medicine from the swine breeding complex "Idavang agro" D. Nurma, Tosnensky district of the Leningrad region. The objects for this study were three age groups, according to the periodization of pig life (V. Zhelev, 1976; D. C. Blood, 1988; Kudryashov A. A., 1992) - newborns 1-7 days (early neonatal period); newborns 10-14 days (late neonatal period); newborns 20-28 days (late neonatal period)., weighing from 2000 to 2500 g. To achieve this task we used a set of traditional anatomical research methods: fine anatomical dissection, vasorentgenography, photography and morphometry. The international veterinary anatomical nomenclature (fifth edition) was used in the description of anatomical terms. The measurement was carried out using an electronic caliper Stainless hardened with a division price of 0.05 mm. In the study of the arterial bed of the lower leg and foot of pigs of Landras and Yorkshire breeds in the early stages of postnatal ontogenesis, we noticed that the overall architectonics of arterial vessels is similar to venous. Arteries in the lower leg and foot of pigs of both breeds are located topographically correctly; the diameter of the vessels varies with an increase in the proximal links and a decrease in the distal. There is no asymmetry of arteries between the right and left extremities. In the age aspect, the main increase in the diameter of the arteries occurs in the period from 10-14 days of age to 20-28 days of postnatal ontogenesis. arteries occurs in the period from 10-14 days of age to 20-28 days of postnatal ontogenesis.

To measure the diameter of the vessels, we used an electronic Vernier Stainless caliper hardened with a division price of 0.05 mm. When describing the arteries of the heart, anatomical terms was carried out in accordance with the International veterinary anatomical nomenclature (fifth edition). During the study, we found that the heart of the Anglo-Nubian goats is supplied with blood by the coronary arteries, which originate from the aortic bulb in the location of the left semilunar and septum valves of the aortic valve. In respect of absences of the collaterals of the coronary arteries, it present the only source of vascularization of the myocardium. Coronary arteries of the heart of goats of the Anglo-Nubian breed are divided into right and left coronary (coronary) arteries, the first of which passes as part of the right interventricular furrow as a sub-synous and right diagonal artery, and the second - as part of the left interventricular furrow is divided into parochial and envelope arteries.

The aim of the research was to study some morpho-biochemical blood indicators of clinically healthy calves and calves with a simple form of dyspepsia . It has been established that gastrointestinal disorders in calves of the first two weeks of life highly depend of the immunological status, and results in dyspepsia. According to morphological studies of the blood of calves with dyspepsia was noted the decrease in the number of leukocytes, indicating a decrease in the level of natural resistance. Biochemical studies of calves blood depicted lowered reserve alkalinity of the blood serum, resulting in disruption of acid-base equilibrium, that is to acidosis. It has also been found decrease of albumines, decreased phagocytic activity of neutrophils and serum bactericidal activity. All these indicate to the oppression of cellular and humoral mechanisms of natural resistance. Schemes of the treatment of calves with dyspepsia must include remedies for immune -stimulation and drugs for correction of acid-base equilibrium.

The article presents the results of study of digestion processes in cows in the small intestine, on the example of the effect of fat (tributyrin), phosphorus ether (beta-glycerophosphate), carbohydrates (lactose and sucrose) and their mixture on the rate of protein splitting (glycyl-1-leucine). We used the technique of acute experiments and isolated preparations of the small intestine. Enzyme-active sources were homogenates of the mucous membrane of the medial section. The material was taken from six clinically healthy cows. Glycyl-l-leucine was used as the main substrate, solutions of tributyrin, beta-glycerophosphate, lactose, sucrose, and their mixtures were used as modifiers. The solvent in all cases was Ringer solution, pH 7.0. Mucosal substrates and homogenates were combined in equal volumes. The samples were incubated in a water thermostat at 38 °C with constant stirring. The rate of dipeptide hydrolysis was determined by glycine method and expressed in mm per 1 g of mucosa per 1 min of incubation - conventional unit (y. (e). The rate of hydrolysis of glycyl-1-leucine in the presence of substrates of the modifier in all cases was less than of a dipeptide. The presence of tribu-tyrin and sucrose inhibition of hydrolysis was 29 % and 28%, respectively, and in the presence of a mixture of substrates modifiers - 48 %. In addition, despite the inhibitory effect on the rate of hydrolysis of beta-glycerophosphate and lactose, which were respectively 19 and 22 %, they should also be considered significant in the overall process of membrane digestion in the small intestine of cows. Formed in the small intestine substrates-modifiers decrease the activity of glycyl-1- leucine. Conducted research allows us to better understand the patterns of the detected changes in the digestion of cows.

The purpose of our research was to study the features of the anatomical structure of the oviduct in the chicken "Hajhseks white" and Italian goose. As a result of our research, we found that in birds the oviduct is located on the left side and occupies the entire cau-dodorsal part of the thoracic cavity. A chicken and a goose developed only the left oviduct, the right rudimentary. The oviduct is a strongly curved tube that extends from the ovary to the cloaca, filling the caudodorsal part of the left side of the thoracic cavity, touching the left kidney, spleen and intestine. The oviduct is suspended in the thoracic cavity on the dorsal and ventral mesentery, which fix the oviduct in one position. The oviduct is divided into five anatomical and physiological parts of different functions: funnel, Magnum (protein Department), uterus, isthmus and vagina. The average length of the oviduct in a female goose is 322.11±0.85 mm, and in a chicken 319.53±0.85 mm. Morphometric analysis showed that the protein Department of the oviduct is the longest area of the oviduct. Perhaps this is due to the secretory function of albumin. The length of the protein Department is 47.9% in chicken, and in female goose 51.1% to the length of the entire oviduct. Further along the length there is a funnel, it takes 20.5% of the chicken, and the female goose 19.9% to the length of the entire oviduct. The uterus occupies 16.6% of the chicken, and the female goose 15.7% of the length of the entire oviduct. The vagina occupies 17.4% of the chicken, and the female goose 9.4% of the length of the entire oviduct. The shortest part of the oviduct turned isthmus, it takes the chicken 4.1%, and the female goose 1, 87 % of the length of the entire oviduct.

The conducted studies showed that in the snowy owl the blood from the pelvic extremities is collected by the right and the left external iliac veins into the pelvic cavity, going from the caudal portal vein of the kidney branches. Blood is collected from the cranial part of the kidneys along the cranial portal veins, and along the caudal portal vein -from the middle and the caudal lobe of the kidneys. The caudal right and left portal veins join together and from the junction the caudal mesenteric vein emerges, which collects blood from the intestine, then flowing into the liver. The right and left renal veins, which have the same diameter, flow along the entire length of the kidney, perform a uniform transportation of venous blood from the middle and caudal parts of the kidneys, and connect to each other at an angle of 38o, flow into the common iliac vein, which, in turn, joins the caudal vena cava. It is noted that the venous blood of the snowy owl simultaneously flows through three different vessels, but always in one direction and the outflow of blood from the kidneys takes place in three ways. The first way is carried out on the renal veins from the middle and caudal parts of the kidney, flowing into the common iliac vein, and then into the caudal vena cava. In the second way blood is passes along the coccygeal-mesenteric vein into the liver. The third way is along the right and left cranial portal veins from the cranial part of the kidney into the vertebral venous canal. It was established that two systems of renal portal veins of the right and left sides join together, forming a closed ring. Venous blood entering the external iliac veins of both sides, pass into the portal vein system, causing intravascular pressure, and due to the presence of a group of valves, blood always flows in one direction. Only between the renal and portal renal veins anastomoses are formed, developing a double network of capillaries.

The fauna of the northern seas of Russia is still little studied, and therefore it’s interesting for science. Sculpins (Cottidae) are one of the usual inhabitants in the Arctic seas. In current paper two species of fish of this family were studied: twohorn sculpin (Icelus bicornis) and spatulate sculpin (I. spatula). I. bicornis lives in the Barents, White seas and the western part of the Kara Sea, and I. spatula lives near the bottom of the Kara Sea to the Bering Sea. Spatulate sculpins occurs also in the eastern part of the Barents Sea. Diagnostic characters that would reliably distinguish all age groups of fish of these species are not known. It was necessary to study males, females and juveniles of two species with a view to find signs for species identification.

Intravenous retrograde administration of drugs is used for both diagnosis and treatment of distal limb diseases. For this purpose, a tourniquet hemostasis is applied to the proximal part of the limb, and a therapeutic or x-ray contrast drug is introduced into the superficial vein of the limb retrograde, that is, against the blood flow. The drug can not go into the systemic circulation because the movement of blood is limited by the superimposed turnstile. The ex posure of the turnstile within 30 minutes allows the administered drug to diffuse as much as possible through the walls of the blood vessels and reach the pathology area of the therapeutic dose. After removal of the tourniquet remaining in the vessels of the distal extremities, a small amount of the drug goes into the systemic circulation. However, it should be noted that the 30 - minute exposure of the hemostatic turnstile a priori causes ischemia of the distal limb tissues. Therefore, there is a question about the degree of negative impact on living tissues of this technique, since ischemia can lead to cell death. Since in this case, cell death can occur due to lack of oxygen and, accordingly, lack of energy, we can monitor the state of tissues by accumulation of various markers of metabolism in the blood. Therefore, we investigated the change in biochemical parameters of the venous blood of the distal limb of the dog after 30 minutes of induced hemostasis. It was found that in some animals due to the restructuring of energy metabolism, in the blood of an isolated limb can accumulate a critical amount of potentially toxic substances such as lactic acid and ammonia. It is recommended to determine individual resistance of animal tissues to hypoxia conditions before such treatment as intravenous retrograde chemotherapy, which is performed with the imposition of hemostatic tourniquet.

For the treatment of pathologies of the pelvic limbs, a veterinary specialist must have an understanding of the vascularization of its components taking into account breed peculiarities. This knowledge is necessary for osteosynthesis, resection of the femoral head, taking the red bone marrow, as well as injection of drugs. In this regard, the aim of this study is to study the features of the course and branching of the arteries of the pelvic limb of the Yorkshire Terrier. As the material used six corpses of adult dogs breed Yorkshire Terrier. The study was conducted with the use of complex techniques, including thin anatomical dissection, waterintensive, morphometry and photography. As radiopaque masses and masses for the visualization of blood vessels used a suspension of red lead in turpentine with alcohol ethyl rectified. The injection was carried out by the conventional method through the abdominal aorta and common carotid artery. When specifying the anatomical terms used International veterinary anatomical nomenclature of the fifth edition. It was established that the main arterial artery of the pelvic limb in the Yorkshire Terrier is the external iliac artery. After passing the femoral canal, it is called the femoral artery, which is the main arterial artery of the thigh area. In the area of the tibia, the main arterial artery is represented by the cranial tibial artery. In the foot area, the main highways are II, III, IV deep plantar metatarsal arteries, and in the finger area axial plantar arteries of the fingers. We noted a number of peculiarities in the structure of the arterial vasculature of the pelvic limbs in the studied breeds. So Yorkshire Terrier epigastric-pudendal trunk originates directly from the external iliac artery and not from the deep femoral artery, like other breeds of dogs. At the level of midthigh the femoral artery of a Yorkshire Terrier makes uncharacteristic for the dog bend, the apex of which is directed caudally. We also note the presence of strong tortuosity of the main arteries of the pelvic limb, which is a specific feature characteristic of the breed dogs Yorkshire Terrier.

Echocardiography allows us to conduct a real-time study of the functional state of cardiac walls, to assess the size of its chambers and structures, as well as to identify deviations at the early stages of pathology. The study was conducted in SPK “Gridino”, Kostroma, on 2 highly productive groups of Kostroma cows (>8000 kg of milk per lactation) during the dry period, 30 days before calving (n = 15): the first group consisted of clinically healthy cows, the second of cows with symptoms of myocardiodystrophy. To receive echocardiograms data we used ultrasound veterinary diagnostic apparatus Acu-Vista VT98C with a 3.5 MHz convex sensor. The access points were prepared in accordance with the anatomy of the heart. The skin of the cows was treated by conventional methods. To ensure close contact of the sensor with the skin of the cows we used an ultrasound Mediagel. The study was performed in B-mode on the left side it was conducted along the long axis of the left ventricle, along the short axis of the left ventricle and at the level of the aortic valve and of the mitral valve; on the right side in the apical four-chamber projection and along the long axis of the left ventricle. The following markers were measured: LVd, RVd, LVs, RVs, IVSd, LVWd, LVWs, LA, AO, also FS%, EF Lvd data were calculated. The results of the reserch were statistically processed using MS Office Excel. Small deviations of the EchoCG indices were noted among clinically healthy cows, which might be due to the prolonged stressful function of the cardiovascular system in dry cows during the later stages of gestation. The analysis of EchoCG of the cows with myocardiodystrophy symptom revealed significant structural changes which indicate the dilatation of the heart chambers and decrease of the interventricular septum thickness and hypertrophy of the posterior wall of the left ventricle.

Nowadays, problem of national quality meat provision of Russian population persists to be extremely urgent . In the framework of national veterinary-sanitary monitoring, there are detected some cases of meat and offal falsifications - received from sick animals, stale products, chilled meat falsificated to defrosted meat. The histological examination method is one of the methods for assessing the quality of meat (the State Standard of the Russian Federation 194962013 «Meat and meat products. Histological examination method»). This method makes it possible to identify quality of meat freshness and meat composition. Nevertheless, this method does not determine the thermal state of meat, the fact of being frozen or repeated defrosting. The study requires highly qualified specialists, equipment and takes a total of 5 to 20 days. Considering the shelf life of chilled meat, this method does not carry any practical significance for identifying stale or defrosted raw materials and there is a need to develop and implement a rapid method for products examination according to these indicators during supply, storage and selling. As a prototype of the classical histological method for meat examination, we pro posed - express method for studying the muscle fibers microstructure of samples in natural unchanged form of chilled and defrosted meat. The samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, then flattened in thin sections using glass. Stained sections, that were made using this method, are suitable for light microscopy examination. It makes possible to identify and characterize the main structural elements of muscle tissue. In the natural and unchanged samples there are muscle fibers with transverse striation that closely adjacent to each other and it is clearly visible. The muscle cell nucleus is purple and the cytoplasm is pink-red. As the result, the microscopic examination of muscle sections made by the described method, allows the veterinary and sanitary specialists to view the main structural elements of the muscle tissue, thus to qualify the meat freshness.

The article presents the results of research on the use of full-fat soy flour in compound feeds for meat chickens of the initial selection lines of SSCh "Smena". The work was carried out on two baselines of the bird: B5 - the paternal line of the fatherly parent Cornish form, fast growing. The main features selected are feed conversion, growth rate, meat quality; B9 - the maternal line of the parent breed of the Plymouth breed form, selected by egg production, hatchabil-ity, growth rate, feed conversion, viability. The research task was to determine the effect of different levels of full-fat soy flour in compound feeds on zootechnical indicators of meat hens of the B5 breed lines (Cornish breed) and B9 (Plymouthrock breed), and to evaluate the effect of these feeds on the activity of digestive enzymes in blood plasma. Thus, we have established that full-fat soy flour is a valuable protein and energy product. It contains 14.75 MJ of exchangeable energy per kg; 34.9% crude protein; 17.24% crude fat. This study showed that induction of full-fat soy flour at the amount of 5 and 10% in the ompound feed of laying hens of the original lines with a balanced feed of amino acids and other nutrients has a positive effect on metabolism and allows you to get good zootechnical indicators.

Zoophilous flies (sucking and lickyn) cause significant damage to livestock, are mechanical and biological vectors of many infectious and parasitic diseases, can cause anemia and stress state in productive animals and calves. We detected the effectiveness of insecticide bait granules FLYBLOCK® against zoophilous flies (imago and larvae) under conditions of animal husbandry of the Central region of the Russian Federation. After determining the places of the greatest accumulation of zoophilic flies, the attachment of adhesive tapes in the premises of the livestock complex were administered at the level of 2.5-3 m from the floor next to the lamps at the windows, then were calculated the number of flies on the tapes in 1 -2 days. At the same time, the presence and activity of flying flies in the premises were determined. Received results, based on the data of the number of zoophilous flies and their lar-vaes in the experimental and control farm clarified the practical value of FLY-BLOCK® bait pellets. Effectiveness of its adjustment in the livestock premise ( where bulls are farmed) ranged to 97,8% based on the results of the control group- adjustment of granules against zoofilouse flies to adhesive tapes - 97,9% determination of the number of flies on the surface of objects -97,5% and calculation of the number of larvae in the dung. Was installed attractant effect and rapid action of insecticidal food bait FLY-BLOCK® granules. And especially we underlined the great importance of determination of the correct period of incorporation of food bait FLYBLOCK® granules in the accumulator tank for manure-the main biotope larvae of zoophilous flies.

The article is devoted to the study of the microbiological indicators of the water of the Gulf of Finland and the assessment of the safety of products extracted from there for the population. Exceeded the maximum permissible concentrations for microbiological indicators and identified the causes of the excess. For the study, water samples were taken at various points in the coastal areas of the Gulf of Finland. Samples were tested for such safety indicators as total microbial count, total and thermotolerant coliforms, as well as the content of bacteria of the genus Salmonella. The total microbial number was taken into account at different temperatures, which made it possible to further calculate the degree of self-purification of the reservoir. The obtained results were checked for compliance with the standards for each of the indicators, which made it possible to determine the degree of water safety, as well as, indirectly, the fish caught from this source for humans.

The article represents the results of veterinary and sanitary examination and assessment of nutria meat at different temperature and humidity storage conditions. Nutria meat, despite the small percentage of the Russian meat market, has a demand, and the consumers’ number is growing every year. Nutria meat is not inferior in nutritional value to the livestock animals meat and is characterized by a high protein content, low fat content, which makes it possible to attribute nutria meat to the dietary type of meat, and to be used as a raw material for the production of various types of meat products. The study materials were the muscle samples taken from the chest, back and pelvic limbs. The organoleptic assessment was performed according to the following parameters: appearance, color, the surface condition and incision condition, texture, smell and clarity, aroma of broth vapors using cooking test, chemical and microscopic analysis of the meat freshness. The assessment was performed by determining the primary protein breakdown products in the reaction with sulphate copper, volatile fatty acids, the number of microorganisms and the degree of muscle breakdown during microscopy of smears imprints, the concentration of hydrogen ions (pH), the amount of amino ammoniac nitrogen, the presence of ammonia and ammonium salts with Nessler reagent. During the research, organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators of meat samples were determined immediately after sampling, and then stored at various temperature and humidity conditions: temperature +18 - + 22°С, relative air humidity 60-65%; temperature 0 - +4° С relative air humidity 70-75% and temperature - 180С, relative air humidity 80-85%. The study of meat samples that were stored at +18 - + 22°C and 0 - + 4°C were carried out daily until indicators characteristic of stale meat were obtained, and samples that were kept at -18°C- for 6 months were studied once a month. After analyzing the obtained results, it is possible to confirm that the shelf life of nutria meat at a temperature of + 18°С + 22°С and a relative air humidity of 60-65% lasts for 24 hours, at a temperature of - 18°С and a relative humidity of 80-85% lasts for 4 months, at a storage temperature of 0 + 4°С relative air humidity 70-75% lasts for 2 days.

Works related to the movement of soils in fishery waters have a negative impact on biotic and abiotic components of the reservoir, adversely affecting its fisheries potential. These effects are particularly significant in water pollution and the accumulation of pollutants in sediments. The results of studies on the waters of the North-West showed that this impact is particularly pronounced during dredging on polluted river areas with their hydrological characteristics. The rehabilitation of toxicants from bottom sediments (DO) is one of the most important mechanisms of their content in water, affecting the biota and, above all, the ichthyofauna, especially in early ontogenesis. Violations of the natural reproduction of fish - one of the most important factors in reducing fish stocks in fishery waters.

The article is devoted to the efficiency of fish-breeding and reclamation activities in the conditions of highly productive carp farming. Research was carried out in the full -system economy of SUE UR "Fish farm "Pihtovka" Votkinsky district of the Udmurt Republic, located in the first zone of pond fish farming. The farm has developed and implemented a highly productive resource-saving technology of growing carp. Basic hydrochemical, physical, and fish parameters were determined according to the standard technique (Galasun P. T., 1976; Pravdin, I. F., 2013). Were treated in all 2560 instances of carp and 780 water samples. The studies revealed the possibility of increasing the fish productivity of industrial ponds by 1.5-2.5 times by increasing the average depth of water bodies by 30 cm and combating excessive aquatic vegetation, leading to the expansion of the "life capacity of the environment" of hydrobionts. Fish-breeding and reclamation works contributed to the total use of fodder bodies of water, the proportion of natural food in the digestive system of carp amounted to 40-60 % of the total content, which exceeds the earlier obtained results on resource-saving technologies 1.11.7 times, as clearing the botton of the pond has made available for feeding on benthic prey. During the whole vegetation period in the experimental water bodies the content of dissolved oxygen in the water corresponded to the optimal values (4.0-7.0 mg/l), which had a positive effect on the dynamics of carp growth. Carrying out fish-breeding and reclamation works on the water surface area of 102.0 hectares allowed to obtain 193.0 tons of additional fish products for the vegetation periods of 2016-2017, in the amount of 22.6 million rubles.