According to the official data of the FSBU “ Center Of Veterinary Medicine”, brucellosis is still registered in reindeer herds of the Asian North of the Russian Federation as a whole in Russia in 2019. 48 sites of brucellosis-affected reindeer herds were registered, including 35 in the Sakha Yakutia Republic, 7 in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Region, one in the Taimyr Municipal District and 1 in the Chukchi Autonomous Region. It has been established that without the use of specific prevention measures anti-brucellisis measures in reindeer husbanding farms are not effective. Currently, a vaccine from the low-agglutinogenic strain “B.abortus 82 “is used to immunize reindeer. The purpose of our work is to clarify the optimal dose of the vaccine from the “B.abortus 82”strain based on experimental data on survival, reactogenity, agglutinogenity and duration of intense immunity,when administering different doses of immunopreparate. Based on two controlled experiments, it was established that the optimal dose of the vaccine from the strain “B.abortus 82” can be considered 10 billion m. In this dose, the deer do not have post-vaccination complications, the vaccine strain is well settled in the body of the vac cinated animal and eliminates 30-45 days after administration. The titer agglutinins and complementarity of binding antibodies reaches its maximum by 28 days after immunization and is gradually reduced; 180 days after vaccination agglutinins are registered in minimum credits. Tension of immunity in vaccinated animals was tested by direct infection with the virulent strain, the largest number of immune deer were recorded in 3 and 6 months. after vaccination (65,4 -86.7 % depending on the age group). Only regional infection was reported in infected deer, and the infection index did not exceed 12.8-15.4%.

The scientific article describes a new effective method for the treatment of sheep melophagosis. The main problems and shortcomings of the methods of control and prevention, including an assay and introduction of a new drugs in epizootic measures against ectoparasites of sheep, were revealed. The authors emphasize that ectoparasites cause significant economic damage to sheep breeding, disturb and deplete animals, and also reduce the quality and quantity of wool and meat production. This gives reasons to say that the considered methods of the control over sheep melophagosis are not effective enough, since this leads to the resistance of ectoparasites to drugs. The technical result of the task is achieved by the fact that in described method of combating sheep melophagosis, it is proposed to use a complex drug, based on deltamethrin and an inhibitor of chitin synthesis. The positive effect of the proposed method of control is that the drug prevents the process of replenishing the population by reducing the number of viable ectoparasites, and also helps to reduce stress levels and increase productivity. It should be noted that the proposed control method causes the death of ectoparasites, including those resistant to other classes of insecticides. In particular, the results of a production experiment on testing the drug DELCID® 7.5 at a dose of 10 ml, given in the article, regardless of the body weight of the animal, suggest that the drug applied (by irrigation on the skin of the back) is highly effective against sheep melophagosis caused by parasitizing the ectoparasite Melophagus ovinus (sheep bloodsucker or fleece).

The studies to determine the effectiveness of the drugs "Azitronit" and "Galokur", as well as the combination of "Galokur" with hypericum tincture and lactulose in treating calves with cryptosporidiosis were conducted from May to August 2020. There were two experiments with 20 animals each. The first experiment -"Azitronit" and "Galokur" drug treatment of calves with cryptosporidiosis. The second experiment -the combination of "Galokur" with hypericum tincture and lactulose treatment of calves with cryptosporidiosis. For the experimental work, there were randomly selected calves of the same breed and weight, with preliminary determined presence of cryptosporidia in feces, as well as clinical signs of cryptosporidiosis. In the first experiment, the animals were injected with the drug "Azitronit" (n=10) at a dose of 1 ml/20 kg of live weight intramuscularly, three times, every 24 hours. The drug "Galokur" (n=10) was injected at a dose of 2 ml/10 kg of live weight, once, individually, orally, after drinking milk. The result of experiments showed that drugs "Azitronit" and "Galokur" had not immediate but gradual destructive effect on cryptosporidia. Furthermore, "Azitronit" provided complete elimination of parasites in 50% of animals within three weeks, and "Galokur" provided complete elimination of cryptosporidia in 60% of calves by the 15th day of observation. In the second experiment, calves were treated with "Galokur" (n=10) and "Galokur" in combination with hypericum tincture and lactulose (n=10). During the experimental work, it was found that the combined use of "Galokur" with hypericum tincture and lactulose was significantly more effective than the use of single "Galokur". By the 10th day of observation, the combination of drugs provided complete parasite elimination of 80% of animals, while the use of "Galokur" only reduced the infection of animals.

Moniesiosis of ruminants at the zone of sufficient moisture in the Stavropol regione is represented by two species: M. expansa and M. benedeni. The highest rate of the exten sive invasion is observed among lambs of the current year of birth, which is stated by two peaks - from May to the end of August (100%) only for M. expansa, and from late August to early September to the end of November (25-50%) also by M. benedeni,that is most of the samples contain M. expansa eggs. Throughout the year young ewes and adult stock are infected by two species: M expansa and M. benedeni, with a prevalence of the first species. During the indoor maintenance, the animals are infected within 5-15%. Later, during pasturing from April to the end of November, there are two peaks in morbidity. The first one - from May to the end of August, the second one - from the end of August to the end of November, morbidity is caused by two species with a predominance of M. expansa. The highest intensity of invasion is observed among young ruminants of the current year of birth. At the time of weaning (in July, early August) there are 2.7 specimens of moniezia. In the future, during the indoor maintenance of young ruminants, the intensity is approximately at the same level - 1.3-1.7 specimens of moniezia

The helminth fauna of the red deer (Cervus elaphus) of the European subspecies and the sika deer (C. nippon) inhabiting the territory of the Curonian Spit National Park, “Podvorie na Khutorskoy” LLC, “Mushkino” farm and “Olen” LLC of the Kaliningrad region was revised during the period from 2017 to 2020 using methods of qualitative and quantitative intravital and postmortem helminthoscopy. The discovered helminth fauna of red and sika deer showed high species similarity, which we explained by the common range and food resources, as well as the anatomical similarity of these animals. 43 types of helminths have been identified. Of which, there were 6 species of trematodes, 4 - of cestodes and 33 - of nematodes (that is 28 were species of geo- and 15 - of biohelminths). 32 species of helminths were localized in the gastrointestinal tract of deer, 5 - in the liver, 2 - in the lungs, 2 - in the body cavities, 1 - in the muscles and1 - in the ligaments. No new and atypical species of parasitic worms have been found. The greatest threat to deer represent trema-todes of the species like Fasciola hepatica, Liorchis scotiae, Dicrocoelium lanceatum, Parafasciolopsis fasciolaemorpha, Fascioloides magna, Paramphistomum ichikawai, cestodes - Moniezia benedeni, M. expansa, Cysticercus tenuicollis, Coenurus cerebralis, Echinococcus granulosus larvae nematodes - Chabertia ovina, Oesophagostomum cervi, Trichostrongylus capricola, Tr. colubriformis, Tr. axei, Ostertagia circumcincta, O. trifurcata, Nematodirus helvetianus, Haemonchus contortus, Dictiocaulus eckerti, D. viviparous. As a result of a complex antiparasitic treatment and prophylactic measures in the “Mushkino” farm, it was possible to preserve the livestock, to stop the mortality of young reindeer, to increase the antler and meat productivity by 40%, and to increase the percentage of fawns (by 100 females) by 30%.

The study offers a retrospective analysis of the epizootological process of dirofilariasis distribution of dogs in the Republic of Armenia, starting from the middle of the 20th century until the present. The article contains data on invasive process localization and connection of dirofilariasis forms on anthropogenic factors. From the middle of the 20th century until 2019, the leader of the isomorphic invasion in the Republic of Armenia changed from Dirofilaria repens form, localizing in the subcutaneous tissue, to the form of dirofilariasis D. immitis, localizing in the heart tissue. The main reason for the increase in the intensity of infestation in Armenia in recent decades is the sharp increase in the number of dogs. The import of animals from abroad, including from the countries of the disadvantaged by dirofilariasis, has increased. Imported dogs are not tested for dirofilariasis infestation. Equally relevant is the presence of man-made factors in the region that contribute to the spread of dirofilariasis. These include reservoirs with standing water, which have both thickets on the shores, and a significant area of water "mirror." There are no restrictive measures to prevent summer and the spread of mosquitoes. In some areas where the intensity of the invasion is high, it is necessary to use repulsive means. The phenological composition of mosquitoes having the greatest potential for transmission of both D. immitis and D. repens is determined. These are the dominant bloodsucking mosquitoes of the A edes and Culex species. Moreover, the main species posing a danger in terms of dirofilariasis distribution in the Republic of Armenia is A e. caspius.

The issue of mycotoxins is one of the main problems in poultry farming. They significantly reduce the productivity and the quality of products used as human food. This ground maintains the search for and selection of preparation for prevention of diseases, the large part of these was presented by adsorbents. Moreover, when contaminating the feeds with several mycotoxins simultaneously, the efficiency of the combination are much higher than if separately. The experiment conducted determined the impact of supplementing adsorbents in poultry feed contaminated mycotoxins (T2, zearalenone, aflatoxin B1) on the histostructure and weight characteristics of liver, liver enzyme activity, residual amount in liver, as factors directly affecting the safety of consumption of chicken products and the state antioxidant status. The experiment included 60 Kobb 500 broilers of both genders with body weight 650-780 g, divided into three equal groups (20 chickens in each group). Experimental period was 20 days. The research feed contamination with mycotoxins after the use of adsorbents have led to no reduction in body weight of chickens, reduced pathological effects on liver functions and content of liver enzymes: the content of ALAT and ASAT. When studying the liver samples regarding the content of residual amounts, the data obtained indicates considerable decrease of the functional cumulating of T2 and aflatoxin B1. Thereby, proposed complex of adsorbents is considered protective for health of poultry by deactivation of mycotoxins in contaminated feed and effective measure in protection of ultimate consumer of chicken production - the human.

The increase of the efficiency of poultry farming is currently an urgent task for the agricultural sector. Therefore, the demand for the use of environmentally friendly and efficient technologies to achieve the above task is very vast. It is well known that the efficiency of the poultry industry depends on the performance indicators, wich must be improved to increase the profitability of the industry. So, one of the important links in the production technology is the hatchery, the task of which is to ensure the stable supply of conditioned young stock to the growing workshop and to obtain hatching indicators not lower than the standards. Therefore, the use of knowledge-intensive methods that increase the quantity and quality of young stock will contribute to a significant profit for the industry. Guinea fowl farming is a relatively new area of poultry farming requiring growth and development, in which there is a great need to improve incubation biocontrol indices. The aim of the research was to increase the number of conditioned young guinea fowl by pre-incubation treatment of eggs with a composition of biostimulants (colamine, succinic acid, serine and pyridoxine hydrochloride). The production experience was carried out on eggs of gray-speckled guinea fowls in one of the guinea fowl farms of the Kaluga region. In carrying out the research, generally accepted methods were used. The use of biostimulants composition before incubation of guinea fowl eggs made it possible to reduce the amount of incubation waste, increase the live weight of guinea fowls by 11.2%, and also improve the quality of the resulting youngs. This made it possible to optimize the economic component of guinea fowl production by obtaining a larger number of conditioned young stock. Thus, the economic effect from the use of the composition of biostimulants amounted to 1,636.05 rubles. This indicates not only the stimulating effect of the composition used, but also an increase in profits.

The dynamic balance between the components of the intestinal microbiocenosis is normally characterized by rather high stability. The balance between the microbial ecosystem and the macroorganism can be disturbed both under the influence of environ mental factors, for example medications, first of all antimicrobial drugs, and during pathological processes in the organism, such as immunodeficiency states. The pathological state, which arises when this balance is disturbed, is manifested by decrease in the symbiotic «useful» microflora and by the increase in the number of the population of opportunistic and pathogenic microflora. Medicines and feed additives containing probiotic strains of microorganisms are widely used for the prevention and treatment of this pathological state (disbacteriosis). But the use of probiotics does not always lead to colonization of the intestine by these microorganisms; this fact considerably reduces the effect of the use of these preparations. Therefore, at present much attention is paid to the use of substances and compounds that are not digested in the upper parts of the intestinal tract, but at the same time serve as nutrient medium and stimulate the reproduction of bifidum bacteria, lactic acid bacilli and other symbiotic microflora, that is prebiotics. This article presents the results of production experiment of studying the effect of the domestic prebiotic feed additive «STIM Vet» on the maintenance and normalization of the microbiota of gastrointestinal tract, the safety and increase in live weight of piglets during weaning and changing of the basic diet. It was found that the introduction of the feed additive «STIM Vet» at the recommended doses into the diet of piglets during weaning and changing of the basic diet does not cause changes in behavior, appetite and physiological rhythms of animals; it is tolerated by animals well, helps to reduce episodes of diarrhea, to raise the safety of the pig population and to increase the average daily and gross weight.

The aim of the research is to explore the therapeutic efficacy of the remedy “Mastimn” for the treatment of catarrhal mastitis in cows. The remedy presents oxytetracycline, neomycin sulfate, bacitracin, prednisolone. Experimental research was carried out at the farm “ ZAO Michurina” of the Smolensk district of the Smolensk region and at the laboratory of the Smolensk separate division of “ FSC LC”, from march 06 to may 30, 2019 on lactating cows. The experiment included test (n=20) and control (n=18) groups of cows. The experimental group were administered intracisternally “Mastinon”. In the control group “Gamaret” was used. Diagnosis of mastitis was performed according to the" Manual on diagnosis, therapy and prevention of mastitis in cows " (2007), with the use of mast-test. Were determined the microbic-species composition of the microflora of secrets recieved; antimicrobial activity of the remedy “Mastinon” and “Gamaret”, using the method of disks. During the experiment, it was proved that the drug “Mastinon” has a high activity to the microflora, isolated from the udder secretions of cows with mastitis. So in relation to Str. agalactiae, the growth delay zone was 26 mm, in relation to Staph.aureus - 28 mm, E. Coli -23 mm. The drug “Gamaret” used in the farm, also had antimicrobial activity to the isolated microflora. But, apparently, cause of its regular use, there is a tendency to decrease in sensitivity, so for Str. agalactiae, the growth delay zone was 17 mm, Staph. aureus 19 mm, and E.Coli 22 mm. In 3 days, in experimental group - 19 heads recovered (95.0%), which is 23.6% more animals than from “Gamaret” (control). Experimental studies have shown high therapeutic efficiency of a new drug “Mastinon”, compared to constantly used in the household “Gamermom”.

The growth and development of agricultural production is restricted by infectious diseases and, as a consequence, leads to the associated economic losses. Antibiotics are widely used to prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases. Their uncontrolled use entails the emergence of new antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. The determining factor of bacterial resistance to the macrolide group of antibiotics is the macrolide phosphorylase (MphA) gene. It is found in the genome of bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae. The presence of the MphA gene in food in the long term can adversely affect the health of the nation due to the development of resistance to macrolide antibiotics in people. In this regard, modern agricultural production requires simple and massive methods for determining the antibiotic resistance of microorganisms. In this regard, the aim of the study was to develop a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the possibility of monitoring the MphA gene in the intestinal contents of pigs and poultry.Samples of feces (80 samples) from pigs aged 40-50 days served as the material for the study. Isolation of DNA by traditional silico-sorption method were used. The selection of oligonucleotide primers was performed using the IDT Oligo Analyzer software. RT-PCR was set up on a BioRad CFX96 Real-Time PCR-System. As a result of the research, 30% of positive samples were identified. At the same time, the threshold reaction cycle varied from 36 Q to 42С1 This fact proves the high distribution of the macrolide phosphorylase gene in the intestinal contents of pigs and poultry at agricultur al enterprises in the Russian Federation. However, according to our data, the number of copies of the desired gene was not very high.Based on the data obtained and the analysis of the literature, we believe that the problem of antibiotic resistance must be solved in a complex way through specific and non-specific prevention of infectious diseases. Specific prophylaxis includes the widespread use of bacteriophages and autogenous vaccines. Non-specific prophylaxis includes the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and silver-containing preparations.

The operation of nuclear power plants inevitably leads to a deterioration of the environmental situation and, in particular, pollution of the environment with man-made radionu clides. In the context of environmental degradation, providing the population with high-quality and safe food is an important task. The veterinary service continuously monitors the content of biologically significant radionuclides Sr90 and Cs137 through scheduled periodic radiological monitoring of water, feed and livestock products at preestablished control points. The dynamics of the specific activity of strontium and caesium isotopes in milk and meat of cattle on the territory of the enterprises of the NorthWestern region during the period from 2008 to 2016 was studied. The results of research allow us to state that animal husbandry is carried out in the territory of the North-Western region in favorable radio-ecological conditions. It was established that the manufactured products coincides with the requirements of sanitary standards. The fluctuations in the activity of Sr90 and Cs137 in milk and meat, detected during the observation period, can be explained by the presence at the ratio diet of animals of forage, originated from other districts.

We have made an attempt to assess the importance of food waste in the occurrence of infectious diseases in the Tyumen region. Food waste generated during production and consumption, which is intended for disposal or is subject to disposal, is a source of biological hazard. This is due to the fact that the accumulation of a large amount of food waste creates favorable conditions for the reproduction of insects, rodents, which can carry pathogens of intestinal infections and invasive diseases. The first place in the list of carriers of infection belongs to flies, then cockroaches and rats. It is important that pathogenic microorganisms remain in the waste for a long time. In the Tyumen region, in recent years, routine laboratory studies of environmental objects, in particular rodents caught in food waste dumps, have been carried out annually. Leptospira were detected in 26 samples or 10.4% in 10 municipal districts. Parasitic diseases continue to occupy one of the leading places in the structure of infectious pathology, the proportion of which in 2019 was 12.7% (2018 - 12.3%, 2017 - 13.7%). In 2019, in the Tyumen region, 5754 cases of helminthiasis and protozoan diseases were registered (383.9 per 100 thousand population), in 2018 - 5186 cases (346.0), in 2017 - 4537 cases (307.0). In 2019, the incidence of ascariasis decreased by 26.6%, alveococcosis and malaria by 20%. The incidence of cryptosporidiosis, trichinosis, teniasis, clonorchiasis has not been registered. One of the ways to reduce the pollution of territories is the creation of municipal infrastructure facilities for the processing and placement (disposal) of solid municipal waste. A waste sorting plant was commissioned in Tyumen. In 2019, 340 landfills were liquidated in the Tyumen region, including food waste landfills. These activities are carried out in addition to works on disinfection, disinsection and deratization. Thus, in order to prevent the spread of dangerous infectious diseases on the territory of the Tyumen region, a set of measures is being taken to ensure the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population, taking into account regional characteristics.

One of the most important conditions for increasing milk production is to in-crease the genetic potential of animals and its implementation. Providing an increase in the level of profitability of production, the term of return on investment for organizations specializing in dairy production is reduced. Research results have shown that, despite a significant decrease in the number of brown Swiss cattle in the region, the breed has good prospects for further breeding. For this purpose, we studied the productive qualities of daughters of bulls from genealogical lines (complexes) of the brown Swiss breed, which have different degrees of realization of the genetic potentials of milk productivity in the Smolensk region. The genealogical structure of the breed, represented by ten lines, genealogical and related groups, is characterized by the realization of the genetic potential at the level of 83.8 - 115.7%. In the daughters of bulls of groups I, VII, VIII, X (11.0-32.0%), the realization of the potential of milk productivity has values above 120%, and in cows with a milk yield above 8000 kg of milk - from 120.0 to 178.5%. It should be noted that the higher the parent index of the cow (RIC), the lower the manifestation of genetic features, due to the increased influence of PHE-notypic factors. Cows of group IV-VII, having the average highest milk yield of 5292-5481 kg of milk, RIC 6080-6944 kg, realized their genetic potential by 83.8-91.5%. Using the method of one-factor analysis of variance, it was found that the greatest influence on the realization of the genetic potential of cows was exerted by the age in lactations and the bull-father. In further breeding work with the brown Swiss breed, to increase the productive qualities of animals, it may be recommend to use in breeding cows with a milk yield of 8000 kg and above, taking into account the selection of appropriate bulls for them.

The main commercial value in Yakutia are fish of the Coregonidae family: anadromous - Arctic omul. Omul is one of the most valuable food fish. About 20% of the total body weight of omul is fat, which has a high digestibility and significant nutritional value for the human body. In order to increase the effectiveness of veterinary control of river fish of the quality of food products obtained from fish as possible sources of invasive diseases, it is necessary, first of all, to improve the conduct of veterinary and sanitary examination and assessment of fish and fish products. The authors carried out an organoleptic assessment of the quality of the river omul of the Nizhnekolymsk region, physicochemical and microbiological studies on the freshness of fish products. On the basis of the study of the veterinary and sanitary examination of the river omul of the Nizhnekolymsky region during the organoleptic study, the parameters (mucus, scales, mouth, eyes, gills, fins, anus, muscles, abdominal cavity, internal organs) of all omul samples correspond to those of benign, fresh fish. In terms of parameters (weight, length, height), river omul are classified as large fish. In a physicochemical study, the indicators (pH, reaction to peroxidase, reaction to copper sulfate, the content of amino-ammonia nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide) of omul meat of all samples correspond to those of fresh fish. According to microbiological studies of KMAFanM within the permissible limits of 1 * 105, bacteria of the E. coli group BGKP, S. Aureus, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes were not isolated, single rod-shaped bacteria were found in the river, and were not found in marine microorganisms. An incomplete parasitological study in the muscles of the cysts of myxosporidia was not found.

Today, the study of genes-markers of quantitative traits is an urgent task. According to numerous scientific works, it is known that the K232A mutation in the DGAT1 gene is associated with signs of milk production in cattle: aalele K with a% fat content in milk, and allele A with the amount of milk. In this regard, the development of an optimal method for detecting SNP and allelic polymorphism is of scientific interest. To study the K232A polymorphism, two methods of molecular genetic analysis were used in this work: 1) real-time PCR with a system of primers and probes labeled with FAM and R6G fluorochromes; 2) PCR-RFLP with processing of amplification products with restriction endonuclease BglI and detection of samples in 15% polyacrylamide gel using a gel documentation system. The study was carried out in two stages, corresponding to two reporting periods on the farm. At the first stage, 200 cows were genotyped using real-time PCR.All animals turned out to be homozygous for allele A. At the second stage, the method of PCR polymorphism of the lengths of restriction fragments was used, with the help of which the genotypes of 102 animals were established - 64 cows with the AA genotype; 34 heads with the AK genotype and 4 heads with the KK genotype. The frequency distribution corresponded to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Allele frequencies were A - p = 0.79; K- q = 0.21. Chisquared value х2=0,04(р<0,05). Cows with the AA genotype had significantly high milk yield rates of +341.8 kg, p<0.01; with AK genotype, fat percentage +0.131, p<0.01 in 305 days 1 lactation.Calculation of the Student's criterion when comparing milk yield and fat content for full lactation (№1) of cows with different genotypes showed that all the empirical values of are in the zone of insignificance.

The problem of pollution of the pedosphere is closely related to a sharp drop in the level of soil fertility. It is possible to ensuring homeostasis of the agro-industrial sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan due to the reproduction of soil fertility and its rational use. Food security and public health are directly related to the level of soil fertility and its ecological state. To increase the nutritional value of the soil cover and maintain the level of productivity of cultivated plants, it is important to use organic fertilizers.Тhe article presents the results of a study of soil fertility in connection with the use of earthworms. The problem of pedosphere pollution is closely related to a sharp drop in soil fertility. To increase the nutritional value of the soil cover and maintain the level of crop yields, it is important to use organic fertilizers. In order to increase the fertility of depleted low-productive soils, as well as to obtain environmentally friendly agricultural products, the use of vermicompost or biohumus has recently been more effective. It is the product of the digestion of various organic residues by a specially bred race of earthworms. For our point of view, it is better to use the local type of prospector, bred by A. M. Igonin. Soil fertility in bereznya-kovka is determined by the content of humus in them, which in recent years has decreased from 5.3% to 4.7%. The use of the population of local worms for the disposal of waste of plant and animal origin, in the conditions of the Akmola region, during artificial waste processing, is effective and low-cost, it allows you to get an environmentally friendly product-biohumus - and increase soil fertili^ty.

In Russia, the reindeer is a farm animal. Four breeds of reindeer (Even, Evenk, Nenets, Chukchi) were developed and are actively used in the Arctic zone of Russia. The most widespread and numerous breeds of deer bred in the Arctic zone of Russia are the Nenets and Evenk. They differ significantly in size and body weight, as well as in the habitat zone, as the Nenets breed lives in the tundra zone, the Evenk breed in the taiga. In addition, there are large populations of wild reindeer in the Arctic zone. Studies in the field of genetics of meat productivity of farm animals have identified several genes that determine the formation and development of muscle mass. Polymorphism in the LCORL gene is associated with indicators of body size in various mammalian species. The aim of this study was to detect variants of the genetic polymorphism of the coding region of the LCORL gene in domesticated reindeer. LCORL (mRNA ligand-dependent nuclear receptor type co-repressor) is a transcription factor located in the nucleus and uses a conserved helix-turn-helix motif for DNA binding. Studies of two regions of exon 7 of the LCORL gene in individuals of wild and domestic reindeer revealed the presence of seven single nucleotide polymorphisms, six of which are not synonymous, that is, leading to amino acid substitution in the protein sequence. The difference in the frequencies of wild-type and mutant alleles between individuals of wild and two breeds of domesticated reindeer indicates the presence of selection pressure on the region of the LCORL gene and indirectly confirms the influence of genetic variability of this locus on the phenotypic variability of growth and body size in reindeer. Given the analogies with studies of the influence of the LCORL gene on size traits in other animal species, it can be assumed that some polymorphisms in the studied area may be true causal quantitative trait loci (QTL) in domestic reindeer.

The Baltic Sea basin was inhabited by the Baltic Sturgeon population until the middle of the last century. However, this most valuable species disappears catastrophically and is listed in the Red Book. The acclimatization of sturgeon fish into the Gulf of Finland and Lake Ladoga (1955-1982) was completed due to the lack of a sturgeon base. On the verge of complete extinction is its herd population of sturgeon, which previously had a commercial value. The main reason for his disappearance was the destruction of its spawning grounds as a result of hydro -construction on the Volkhov River and intensive poaching. However, the possibility of restoring its population in Ladoga re-mains.To do this, it is necessary to adopt a special program to create a modern sturgeon base in the Ladoga lake basin. This isolated domestic basin with limited area and of relatively small antropohenic load meets the basic requirements of a foraging. Therefore, it is optimal for the restoration of an economically significant and protected local population of sturgeon.For the development of fish-breeding and tech-economical founding, several sites for the construction of a sturgeon fish farm are proposed. Among them is a particularly highlighted area near the village of Old Ladoga. Here in the lower Volkhov river originally located the main spawning grounds of Ladoga sturgeon. This area is optimal by the diverse free natural landscapes, proximity of communications, energy security and prospects for the development of the Old Ladoga, as an important cultural and historical center of the Northwest region. The profitability of commercial sturgeon farming is now economically well-founded, which will pay for the joint reproduction of Ladoga sturgeon on a compensatory basis. International cooperation is appropriate to restore the Atlantic sturgeon. This would speed up the process of restoring the Ladoga sturgeon population by forming its brood stocks. The biotechnics of working with sturgeon can already be practiced on the existing sterlet in nature. It is the only species of sturgeon to survive in the European North, especially in the Northern Dvina river and Onega Lake. Sterlet has the greatest ecological-physiological plasticity of reproduction, short cycles of maturity and the most important system of species adaptations, which provided it with the largest area of settlement among sturgeon. As a result, the use of Ladoga and Onega lakes as foraging reservoirs and reliable production of planting material on the basis of new modern biotechnology reproduction will allow to preserve, or recreate the Ladoga sturgeon population and grow annually up to 100 tons of sturgeon fish.

The study of the morphological composition of blood in the general laboratory and clinical examination of animals is of great diagnostic importance. The morphological composition of blood is influenced by the severity of the pathological process, the age of the animal, breed, Constitution, feeding conditions, maintenance, and much more. The clinical picture of blood in most cases reflects the reactivity of the body in any inflammatory processes, including chronic kidney disease. Due to the involvement of a large part of the organ in the inflammatory process, its functional ability is significantly reduced, including the production of erythrorpoetin, which is manifested by anemia, a decrease in hemoglobin, blood pressure, and violations of erythropoiesis. However, it often happens that the morphological picture of blood is difficult to compare with the clinical manifestations of the disease. Recently, it has been noted that the clinical blood test does not respond to standard indicators of the chronic inflammatory process, which indicates low reactivity, as well as, possibly, an insufficient immune response of the body to the infectious and inflammatory process. To obtain additional information about the degree of intoxication and the state of the immune response in sick animals, hematological leukocyte indices are used. These indices reflect the relationship between different classes of cells of the leukocyte formula, which are calculated and, accordingly, can become an alternative to complex and expensive studies to determine the immunogram, cytokine content, and a number of other biochemical parameters

Currently, mastitis in cattle is widespread, as a result of which cattle farms are inflicted colossal economic damage due to a decrease in milk yield and in milk quality, culling of cows, an increase in the incidence of calves and the cost of their treatment. Another, no less important problem is the presence of inhibitory substances in milk during the treatment of animals when using complex anti-mastitis preparations containing combinations of various groups of antibiotic substances. In connection with the high resistance of mastitis pathogens to the action of antibiotics, antigenic stimulation methods are becoming increasingly important in the fight against mastitis. This article discusses the formation of a local immune response in the mammary glands of experimental rats. During the study, we noted an increase in the number of antigen presenting cells in mice of the experimental group compared to the control. Cells were counted by light microscopy in a hundred fields of view. At the same time, the average number of macrophages in one hundred fields of vision in the experimental group is 70, and in the control group 40, which is almost two times less. Thus, it can be concluded that the number of tissue macrophages increases as a result of exposure to the vaccine, which indicates their immune activity. Our researches allow us to reveal some aspects of the mechanism of action of the studied method of treating mastitis, which opens further prospects for recommending it for mass use in veterinary practice, since the number of tissue macrophages in immunized mice of the experimental group significantly exceeds the number of macrophages in untreated mice of the control group.

Any surgical intervention has a certain danger, since it is associated with the possibility of developing intra- and postoperative complications. In this regard, preoperative preparation should minimize the risk of surgery. This is especially urgent for animals with chronic heart disease. [1] The cardiovascular system cannot meet the metabolic demands of the body, resulting in a deficiency of oxygen, nutrients and energy in the body. Excessive metabolic production disrupts metabolism, reduces alkaline reserve and develops acidosis. These factors cause in the tissues a complex of morphological and functional disorders of structures, nerve endings, blood and lymphatic vessels. In response to this damage, the body responds with a general and local protective-adaptive reaction. An important role in the regulation of an extreme stimulus belongs to the body's neurohumoral defense. Functional disorders of the nervous and endocrine system can reduce in the resistance of cells, tissues and physiological functions of the body and, as a result of cardiovascular complications, can be the cause of death. [5] The most important link in neurohumoral pathological reactions is the pathogenic increase in apoptosis, fibrosis of cardiomyocytes, the risk of ischemia, arrhythmia and load on the left ventricle. The development of hemodynamic changes trigger the mechanism of neuro-hormonal activation, leading to complications after anesthesia. The main methods of objective assessment of the state of the cardiovascular system EchoCG, ECG, Holter study, MRI, ECG and Holter monitoring assess the electrical activity of the heart, latent arrhythmias, but do not allow assessing the internal structure, heart function and heart hemodynamics. In this context, echocardiography is an informative diagnostic method in dogs before anesthesia, allowing to visualize the complete picture for a comprehensive study of the structures and functions of the heart.

The article describes the cycle of changes in the digestive gland of bivalve mollusks of the family Unionidae from the unpolluted area of the lake Ilmen. Four types of tubules have been identified, corresponding to the four phases of the digestive cycle, typical of all normal bivalves. The morphological transformations of the tubules, depending on the phase of the cycle, are highlighted and shown. It was found that the morphological state of the digestive gland of Unionid is normally characterized by the absence of sharp destructive changes during the daily digestive cycle. Under the influence of toxi-cological factors, the pathological changes in the gland are observed. The information obtained can be used to assess the quality of fresh waters.

The article is devoted to assessing the toxic effects of heavy metals during short-term exposure to fish. the aim of the study was to study the indicators of protein metabolism in carp after exposure to 10 maximum permissible concentrations of lead acetate, cadmium, zinc and copper. During the experiment, 5 groups of fish were formed - 1 control group (10 fish), 4 experimental groups - 10 fish each, which were contained in solutions of lead acetate (Pb(CH3COO)2) with a concentration of 0.06 mg/l (exceeding the maximum permissible concentration of lead for fisheries waters by 10 times), cadmium acetate (Cd (CH3COO)2) with a concentration of 0.05 mg/l, copper acetate (Cu(CH3COO)2) with a concentration of 0.01 mg/l and zinc acetate (Zn (CH3COO)2) with a concentration of 0.1 mg/l, respectively, for 4 hours. The concentration of total protein, albumins, and globulins in blood serum was studied. An in crease in total protein and serum globulins was found when evaluating the effect of all the studied metals, as well as a decrease in the concentration of albumins due to poisoning with zinc and cadmium acetate and an increase in the concentration of albumins due to poisoning with lead and copper acetate.

The incidence and economic damage from swine respiratory diseases remains relevant, despite the large number of antimicrobial drugs and preventive measures. Economic damage is summed up from the morbidity of animals, carrying out medical and preventive measures, as well as from the culling of sick animals, reducing weight gain due to the development of hypoxia, culling of internal organs during slaughter. The incidence of non-specific bronchopneumonia in pigs can reach 80%. The aim of the research is to study the features of the development of the pathological process in the lungs and other internal organs in pigs of different ages with non-specific bronchopneumonia. The object of the study was piglets of different ages of the pig farm. As a result of research, it was found that in most piglets with bronchopneumonia, pathoanatomic examination revealed signs of catarrhal inflammation of the bronchi and lungs, in isolated cases -fibrinous pleuropneumonia, and signs of inflammation in the bronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes, spleen, liver, heart and kidneys. During histological examination, inflammatory hyperemia and accumulation of a large number of macrophages were observed in the lungs around the bronchi. Inflammatory hyperemia and hemorrhages in the alveoli, narrowing of the alveolar lumen and expansion of the interalveolar septa were established. Histological studies of preparations from other organs (bronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes, spleen, liver, heart and kidneys) showed abundant infiltration by macrophages, as well as tissue dystrophy. We believe that the identified non-specific signs of bronchopneumonia, such as fibrinous pleuropneumonia, as well as lesions in internal organs, are associated with defects in the humoral mechanisms of both innate and adaptive immunity. These defects can contribute to the emergence and maintenance of the inflammatory process in the lungs of pigs for a long time, contribute to the complication of secondary microorganisms, and also contribute to the generalization of the process by lymphogenic and hematogenic pathways.

The global pandemic of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-19 has changed the life and health of not only humans, but also their pets in an urban environment. The aim of the study was to determine the health status of pets in an urban environment during a pandemic. The study was conducted on the basis of several veterinary clinics in the city of Tyumen. The biological history of 180 cats and dogs was studied, as well as a questionnaire survey of their owners. The main diseases that pets suffered during the SARS- CoV-19 coronavirus pandemic have been identified. In the course of the study, social and biological factors affecting the health of cats and dogs in an urban environment were studied, and the problems of the relationship between humans and domestic animals during a pandemic were identified. An expert interview was conducted with employees of the shelter for homeless animals. The following research methods were used: observation of animals, analysis of data from individual maps of animal disease, questioning of pet owners, formalized interviews with shelter workers, content analysis of the media. As a result of the study, we can say that the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-19 coronavirus has taught many lessons for mankind, including once again demonstrated that in conditions of self-isolation, the best friends for a person are his pets, the care of which gives not only social but also biological preferences for humans. The period of human self-isolation has shown that both social factors affect the health of the animal: more careful care, long-term contact with the animal, and biological: timely preventive measures, timely walks and hygiene procedures. At the same time, despite the decrease in the incidence, during the period of the pandemic, animals still suffered from such viral infections as feline panleukopenia, calicivirus, canine parvovirus enteritis and adenovirus infection in dogs, as well as diseases of other etiology, for example, pyro-plasmosis.

The Anglo-Nubian goat is a British breed of goat bred in the 19th century and widely distributed around the world. In the last decade, there has been an active breeding and introduction of this breed in the Russian Federation and the post-Soviet countries. The study of pedigree anatomy is currently a key direction in the field of domestic veterinary morphology, and the fragmentary literature data on the cardiovascular system of ruminants set us the goal-to study the age patterns of the structure of the mitral valve of the heart of an Anglo-Nubian goat and to establish morphometric data of this heart structure. The dated material presented by the corpses of Anglo-Nubian goats was delivered from the farm of the Moscow region of the Russian Federation "Gzhelskoe Podvorye" to the Department of animal anat omy of the St. Petersburg state University of veterinary medicine, where the study was conducted. The study used three age groups, each of which was represented by four corpses of Anglo-Nubian goats. We used such methods as fine anatomical dissection and morphometry using an electronic caliper "Tamo professional" with a division price of 0.05 mm, manufactured in the United States. As a result of the work, the features of the mitral valve anatomy and its structures in the Anglo-Nubian goat were determined and their linear parameters were determined in the age aspect. The data obtained by us can be used in research works for comparative data analysis, as well as by veterinary specialists in the field of cardiology, surgery and visual diagnostics, as a theoretical basis for practical application.

The study of the biochemical composition of blood in animals is one of the methods for assessing the physiological state of the body. Changes in biochemical parameters can be both pathological and adaptive-age (physiological) in nature. A group of 18 clinically healthy animals was formed to determine the dynamics of the biochemical composition of blood in newborn calves. Blood was obtained immediately after birth, on the 1.7 and 14 days of life. The results of research showed that 24 hours after drinking the first portion of colostrum, there are no significant changes in the biochemical composition of the blood, and after the first and second weeks of life, changes occur in a number of indicators. Thus, the increase in the level of total protein by day 14 was 6.4%, albumin 13.7%, and albumin -globulin coefficient 19.7%. Nitrogen metabolism was characterized by an increase in urea concentration in the blood by 34.3%, a decrease in creatinine level by 23.8% AST activity by 3.9 times, ALT by 2.5 times, and the de Ritis coefficient by 2.8 times. Also, by the 14th day of life, there was a decrease in the activity of alkaline phosphatase by 30.0% glucose level by 21.1%, total bilirubin by 5.3 times, and the concentration of substances of medium and low molecular weight by 24.2%. The dynamics of macronutrients was characterized by an increase in calcium by 28.6%, phosphorus by 4.2 times, and magnesium by 30 times. By the seventh day of life, calves had a 32.5% decrease in iron levels, and by the second week the indicator decreased by 2.9 times. Thus, in the first two weeks of life, calves have pronounced changes in nitrogen and mineral metabolism. The dynamics of trace elements is characterized by a decrease in the level of iron, which requires correction of its intake into the body.

The study of the morphology of thyroid gland in rabbits during age periods is of both theoretical and practical importance. In this work, the age dynamics of the development of rabbit thyroid glandJ was studied. The topic of research is very relevant, since the endocrine system is closely connected with other, important processes taking place in other organs and tissues associated with the correct activity of the body. The object of the study was rabbits, the subject of the study - thyroid glands. When performing histological studies of thyroid glands in postnatal ontogenesis, the following parameters were determined: capsule thickness, interlay er thickness, thyrocyte heights, the volume of their nuclei, the size of C cells, the diameter of follicles and their percentage ratio in the gland. Research was carried out in the conditions of the rabbit-breeding farm of the Vitebsk region of the Republic of Belarus, the prosector and laboratory of the Department of Pathological Anatomy and Histology of the Vitebsk Order of the Badge of Honor of the State Academy of Veterinary Medicine. Studies have found that the most significant growth and development of the gland occurs during the weaning period (one month) and then during puberty (four to six months). Then, from the age of 6 months, structural adjustment processes characterized by regression processes develop. Thus, it can be seen that by 5-6 months of age, the thyroid gland has its completed structural structure, then from 6 months to 8 months of age structural regression processes develop. Thus, the results of the studies will deepen, expand and supplement the data on the age and comparative morphology of fur animals and can be a criterion for their assessment in practical veterinary medicine and in rabbit breeding in general.

Any disorders in the body caused by infectious effects, the use of drugs, vaccines, etc. accompanied by a violation of the liver. The highest hepatotoxic effect is possessed by various xenobiotics that enter the body of animals with food or water. Therefore, an urgent direction of modern research is the search for means that increase the liver's resistance to pathological influences, enhancing its detoxifying functions. To achieve the goal of resolution, the following tasks were set: to establish the effect of hypoxene on the average daily gain of rats against the background of experimental toxic hepatitis, to assess the hepatoprotective effect of hypoxene on the basis of histological changes in the liver of animals, to compare the pharmacological effect of hypoxene with heptrane. When studying the hepatoprotective properties of hypoxene, a model of experimental toxic hepatitis in white rats was used. The effectiveness of the drugs was assessed by the clinical state of white rats and histological changes in the liver. Acute toxic hepatitis was caused by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride in vaseline oil to white rats at the rate of 0.4 ml per 100 g of body weight for 3 days once. Microscopic examination of the liver in animals revealed a violation of the cytoplasmic membranes of hepatocytes, which was accompanied by fatty degeneration of liver cells and the development of hepatosis. The use of hypoxene stopped this pathological process. After using the drug, the animals' body weight increased. When analyzing histosections of the liver, no signs of fatty degeneration were found. Thus, hypoxene can be used in animals as a hepatoprotective agent at a dose of 50.0 mg / kg of body weight.

Modern technologies of feeding for farm animals provide active use of premixes and other top-UPS as additives at the main diet, and that, has become a necessity, because allow to improve the profitability of animal husbandly. It is known that with insufficient feeding, calves lag behind in growth and development, their normal development of muscle and bone tissue is disrupted, and their age of puberty increases. In this connection, the purpose of these assay were to study the effect of UVMC "Vita Balance"on calves, the calves were selected using the method of pair-analogs in two groups of 25 heads each. The animals of the control group received the main household ration, and the animals of the experimental group, in addition to the main ration, received UVMC "Vita Balance" at the form of bricetta for oral licking. During the study, clinical signs, water and feed consumption did not differ between the experimental and control groups. The consumption of UVMC "Vita Balance" was 51.7±0.87 g per day. The average daily increase in body weight of calves in the experimental group was higher than in the control group by 9.8%. According to the results of the study of blood composition, an increase in the content of red blood cells in the experimental group of calves were 18.7% and a slight decrease in the number of white blood cells by 7% were observed. The hemoglobin content in the experi mental group increased by 6.1% in relation to the control. The content of total protein and globulin in the experimental group was higher by 2.3% and 9.6%, respectively. There was a slight increase in serum glucose by 7.1% and a decrease in the level of ASAT and ALAT by 1.5 and 4.3%. Thus, the use of the feed additive Ц\\МС "Vita Balance" in the diets of calves contribute to the normalization and activation of protein, carbohydrate and mineral metabolism, wich is evidenced by morpho-biochemical blood parameters.

In the structure of diseases of cattle, the leading place is occupied by obstetric and gynecological diseases, which are most often manifested in the postpartum period. Metritis is one of the most common, which occurs in 50-70%, and in some highly productive herds occurs in 90% of new-bodied cows. The article presents data describing the different course of clinical manifestations of postpartum metritis in dairy cows. Different variants of its manifestation are shown. The diagnosis was established in accordance with the guidelines for the prevention of infertility in highly productive dairy cattle. All animals were subjected to daily thermometry for 10 days after calving. First group - mild course (n=20) was subjected to complex treatment: myotropic - injections of 2% synestrol oil solution at a dose of 0.6 ml/100 kg of body weight on days 1 and 2 and oxytocin at a dose of 10 U/100 kg of body weight for days 2 to 5; generally stimulating -three time administration of placenta denatured emulsified (PDE) on days 1, 5 and 9 subcutaneously at a dose of 5 ml/100 kg of body weight, 15% ASD-2F solution on trivitamin, intramuscularly at a dose of 10 ml/animal in 1, 3 and 5 days of treatment) ; ethiotropic agents - suspension "Nioxitil" intrauterine at a dose of 15 ml/100 kg of body weight with a 48-hour interval until clinical recovery. It was found that in cows with a mild course, the therapeutic effectiveness was higher - by 5.1 -15.5%, with a decrease in the number of intrauterine injections - by 201-3.9,days of treatment - by 2.2-5.7. Indicators of further reproductive capacity indicate a decrease in the insemination index-by 0.4-0.9, days after calving, before fertilization-by 12.527.8.

In the period from May 2017 to June 2018, monitoring studies of orthopaedic diseases were conducted in some farms of Brest Dis trict in the Republic of Belarus. In the course of routine orthopaedic examination of 9368 heads of dairy cows there were registered cases of hoof affection and clinical lameness in 3438 dairy cows. The lameness was present only in 78,6% of dairy cows of the surveyed farms. Purulent pododermatitis (20.6%), Rusterholtz ulcers (16.9%), laminitis (14.5%), interfinger hyperplasia (13.2%), hemorrhages and bruises on the sole part (11.3%) were the most common among all identified cows. Less common are cracks and fractures of the hoof - 7.7%; abscesses -(5.9%), phlegmons of the corolla - (5.5%), bursitis - (3.1%), tendovaginitis - (1.3%). It was shown that lameness and hoof affection are a serious health problem in dairy cows under conditions of industrial intensification of dairy industry in the farms of the Republic of Belarus. Economic losses from this pathology consist of premature selection of animals, reduced reproductive function, reduced productivity and live weight, lack of calves. Therefore, the development and introduction of new methods of treatment, as well as wide application of the latest achievements of science in the prevention and treatment of animals with surgical diseases, in particular with purulent skin lesions of the distal part of the limbs, will extend the period of economic use of cattle and increase the profitability of the industry, and leads to the growth of livestock production.

The aim of our research was to analyze the frequency of postoperative complications in stallions neutered in St. Petersburg and Leningrad region during the period from 2017 to 2019. The object of this study was 42 stallions aged from two to twelve years which were operated using both open (31 heads) and closed (11 heads) methods of castration. Castration is one of the most common surgical procedures performed in veterinary surgical practice. Despite the fact that this procedure is considered routine, postoperative complications associated with castration of stallions are quite common. Postoperative edema was most common in both open and closed castration methods, in 25.8% and 27.2% of cases, respectively. In addition, with the open castration method, bleeding from the common vaginal membrane was observed in 19.5% of cases and from the stump of the spermatic cord in 6.5% of them. In our studies the overall incidence of complications with the closed method of castration is 1.7 times less than with the open method. As a result of the analysis of the frequency of postoperative complications, we can conclude that the closed method of castration of stallions through inguinal access is advantageous. Regardless of the age, breed, and exterior features of the animal, castration by the closed method is the safest method, since the probability of developing complications during the surgery manupilation is significantly less than with the open method of castration.

The study was carried out in veterinary clinics in St. Petersburg. The objects for this study were shrub squirrels aged from 1 to 8 years. To study the genetic predisposition to diabetes mellitus (DM), biological material was taken. The selected experimental group consisted of 10 clinical cases of DM in degus. The clinical signs, the state of the rodents, as well as the blood glucose level (GGC) at the time of treatment with the "Contour TS" glucometer with a range of 0.6 - 3.3 mmol /L were studied. The study found no age-related predisposition; lack of sexual predisposition (males - 60%, females -40%); feeding norms were not observed in all individuals (animals received unbalanced industrial feed o n an ongoing basis); the level of glucose in the blood serum of all individuals exceeded the physiological norm by more than 3 times - from 30.8 mmol/L and higher; the main clinical signs were noted: apathy - 90%, cataracts - 40%, impaired coordination - 40%, polyuria and polydipsia -30%, obesity - 30%, decreased appetite -20%, coma - 20%

The article presents the results of studies of the microelement composition of wild birds' feathers kept in the conditions of the Moscow Zoo. The aim of the study was to study the content of some heavy metals and arsenic in representatives of the Cranes family - Gruidae (Red-crowned crane - Grus japonensis, Blue crane - Anthropoides paradiseus, East African grey-crowned crane -Balearica regulorum gibbericeps, and White-naped crane - Grus vipio) and to develop centile scales for assessing the health of birds. In 2018 - 2020, studies of crane feathers were carried out for the accumulation of zinc, copper, iron, lead, cadmium and arsenic by the atomic absorption method. The data on the features of the content of chemical elements in different species of animals are presented. In the course of the study, it was found that, according to the value of the average content in the feathers of birds of the Cranes family, the studied elements form the following decreasing series: Fe> Zn> Cu> Pb> Cd> As. In the cranes kept in the Moscow Zoo, there is a tendency to a decrease in zinc and arsenic in 25.0% and 37.5%, respectively, an increase in lead, cadmium and arsenic in 25.0% of individuals. 50% of the studied birds by the level of arsenic in their feathers, 25% by zinc, copper, iron and lead, 12.5% by cadmium are in a state of "predisease" and require additional examinations. In the fan of cranes, a significant increase in the concentration of zinc and lead in the grooves was established, compared with the core, by 3.6 and 4.4 times, respectively. A significant average direct relationship was revealed between the level of Zn and Pb, Cu and Fe, Cu and As and an inverse average relationship between the level of Zn and As in bird feathers. To improve the microelement status of cranes of zoological institutions, it is necessary to conduct monitoring studies with a frequency of 1 time in half a year with an assessment of the level of chemical elements on centile scales.

The original express method allows to diagnose enteritis of various ethiology in pigs and birds. The essence of the method for assessing bowel function is to use indicator paper "Indic", coated with a fine dry dye. Assessment of the resorptive function of the intestine is carried out using the visual method by measuring the area of the stain formed by the faeces, which is directly dependent on the volume or percentage of moisture in the faeces of an animal or a bird. This allows you to visually assess the amount of moisture contained in them. The program "ImageJ" with an intuitive interface allows you to measure the area of the spot, which greatly simplifies the visual assessment of the result and increases the accuracy of the study. The use of this express method in industrial pig and poultry farming, using software, creates conditions for the most rational diagnostic method. The sensitivity of the test provides additional detection of animals with an increased level of exudative processes in the intestine, which, on the basis of clinical diagnostics, can be erroneously classified as “healthy”. The method is convenient not only for experimental studies, but also for application in the conditions of floor keeping of broiler chickens, for the diagnosis of eimeriosis and other diseases, with impaired intestinal function. The diagnostic process using the "Indical" test can be divided methodically into 2 stages: experimental - collecting feces for a certain time from a group of animals and analytical -processing the data, obtained using Excel and “ImageJ” software. For clinically healthy pigs, the volumetric moisture index should be 4.7 ± 0.8, and for clinically healthy broiler chickens - 5.04 ± 0.60. The proposed diagnostic test is the most effective and rapid in comparison with the existing methods for diagnosing inflammatory processes in the intestines of pigs and birds.

Assessment of the efficiency of using working time is directly related to the assessment of labor productivity and planning of labor resources of any enterprise. The purpose of this work was to assess the use of working time when registering the VSD in the information system "Mercury" by veterinary specialists on the aircraft of the Admiralteisky, Frunzensky, Moskovsky and Central regions of St. Petersburg. To obtain and process the results obtained, a statistical-economic research method was used, based on the analysis and application of generalizing factors and including a theoretical generalization of the obtained data, as well as the use of mathematical methods. To obtain basic data based on obtaining the results of labor costs of veterinary specialists, the method of timekeeping, photography and photographic timekeeping of working time was used. The activities of veterinary specialists at enterprises of various types of orientation, according to the applied gradation: wholesale enterprises, wholesale and retail enterprises, processing enterprises, contain a difference in the set production tasks. The results obtained when measuring the amount of operational time spent at various enterprises were the basis for the gradation of the work of a veterinary specialist by the type of enterprise served. The results of calculating the load factor became the basis for a scientific approach to the intra-industry division of labor of a veterinary specialist by the type of enterprise served. The calculation of the load factor for a veterinary specialist provides a scientific basis for planning in the field of veterinary and sanitary measures and can serve as one of the grounds for calculating the staffing level. The results obtained during the calculation of the load factor are consistent with the results of the study on the calculation of operational time consumption