Recently probiotic medicines based on microorganisms of the genus Bacillus have been increasingly used in wide veterinary practice. However, despite a large number of publications about positive effect of their use, among practising veterinary experts opinions that these drugs worsen the health of animals, or reduce the quality of the products are heard more often. The article presents data on the results of a study of the presence of factors of pathogenicity and invasive properties of some probiotic strains of microorganisms of the genus Bacillus. The experiments were conducted as in vitro - using standard microbiological techniques set out in the General pharmocopoeia monograph 1.7.2.0012.15 and in vivo - on laboratory animals (white mice of the ISR line, chickens). The presence of the investigated strains of virulence factors, as well as their invasive proper-ties,were estimated. The data obtained in the work indicate that the studied strains represent an environmental and sanitary danger when are used both in veterinary medicine as probiotics and in humanitarian medicine due to the development of a complex of enzymes that are factors of pathogenicity and frank invasive ability, leading to contamination of organs and tissues of the body. Application of these strains is capable to worsen ecological safety of products of poultry farming due to contamination of carcasses of birds with microorganisms of the genus Bacillus and also deteriorations in a trade dress of a bird due to formation of mucous colonies on a carcass surface. According to requirements of general pharmacopoeia monograph 1.7.2.0012.15 -all studied strains cannot be used as probiotic since constitute sanitary danger at application them both in a veterinary medicine, and in humanitarian medicine and are capable to do harm to an organism of an animal and the person.

Ureaplasma diversum is an opportunistic pathogen of cattle, it is capable to colonize reproductive and respiratory systems. The most of ureaplasma carriage cases both in the reproductive and the respiratory tract are asymptomatic. Respiratory tract carriage is more specific for calves, while the ureaplasma carriage in the distal parts of the reproductive tract is more frequent in adult cattle. The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of U. diversum among heifers and cows of different ages within the single cattle-breeding farm. To assess U. diversum carriage frequency among cows and heifers smears from the surface of the mucous membranes of the vestibule of vagina were collected. Detection of U. diversum in the obtained clinical material was carried out by real-time PCR. As the result, the study found that the prevalence of carriage is significantly higher among the heifers (75%) than in adult cows (56.25%). At the same time, among adult cows the carrier frequency decreases significantly with increasing the number of calves. The results indicate a high significance of the contact pathway for the transmission of U. diversum, since the high frequency of the ureaplasma carriage in heifers that had not previously undergone insemination. In addition, they are consistent with data on the possibility of developing protective mechanisms against colonization with ureaplasmas. It is possible that the transferred diseases lead to the formation of weak immunity to repeated infection of U. diversum, therefore the frequency of carriage among young cows is higher than in older age groups. In addition, according to the obtained date, it is necessary to take into account the age structure of the group for assessment the prevalence U. diversum carriage in the female cattle, since this factor may have a pronounced effect on the result of the epizootic examination.

Cattle diseases associated with Ureaplasma diversum lead to economic burden caused by infertility, abortion and the birth of weakened offspring. U. diversum is capable to colonise the mucous membranes of the reproductive and respiratory systems cattle and calves, and most cases of carriage are asymptomatic, which makes it difficult to control the spread of the infection. The pur pose of this study was to evaluate frequency of U. diversum carriage in the nasal cavity, vagina and vestibule of vagina of adult female cattle. Smears from the surface of the mucous membranes of the reproductive and respiratory systems were sampled from 33 animals. Samples were tested for U. diver-sum DNA by real-time PCR. The most common variant of U. diversum carriage was the colonization of the vestibule of vagina, it was found in 48% of the examined animals. However, the DNA of U. diversum was also detected in the vagina and nasal cavity of the examined cattle. It was shown that the carriage of ureaplasma in the vestibule of vagina or nasal cavity was associated with colonization of the vagina, and that colonization of the respiratory tract is more often detected in animals that carry ureaplasma in the reproductive system. These data allow the use of smears from the vestibule of vagina as sample for the control and diagnosis of this infection. The carriage of U. diversum on the vestibule of the vagina in adult cows is a risk factor for calves infection during labor, as well as for colonization of other parts of the reproductive system, including contamination in artificial insemination. ЛИТЕРАТУРА

In the pathogenesis of brucellosis, L-formulas of brucella have a certain value, which persist for a long time in the body. In the chronic process, the cultures of brucella of stable L-forms were isolated from animals. The aim of the study was to determine the diagnostic significance of the experimental series of R-brucellosis color antigen in the agglutination reaction. The diagnostic value of R-brucellosis diagnosticums was studied using the example of farms in the Omsk region with different epizootic status of territories: with unvaccinated livestock (n = 270), vaccinated livestock (n = 145), healthy livestock (n = 909) of cattle. Diagnostics were used from commercial kits, constructed from S-forms of brucella for RA, RSK, RID, RNGA, BPD. Reactions were made in accordance with the Manual on the use of antigens. The sensitivity test of R-brucellosis antigens in RA and DAC was performed in a brucellosis-free household (145 samples) 3 to 4 months after immunization with animals from the strain Br.abortus 82. The production test of the diagnosticum showed the advantages of the antigen proposed by us: 1) specificity and pronounced sensitivity in the early stages of studies on brucellosis, which is especially valuable in the study of immunity control in vaccinated livestock. With its help, it is possible to further reveal from 5.6 to 15.8% of animals with postvaccinal R antibodies that were not serologically diagnosed in the reaction of RCC with R antigen; 2) the possibility of using it for epizootic assessment of the herd as a differential test of postvaccinal reactions in immunized animals with weakly agglutinogenic vaccines in (SR, RS forms).

The work purpose - to study vaccine-challenged reactions after use of vaccines from strains of B.abortus19 and B.abortus 82 by a conjunctival method in experience on cattle of economy, safe on a brucellosis.For carrying out researches on comparative studying of vaccine-challenged reactions after use of vaccines from strains of B.abortus19 and B.abortus 82 the conjunctival method on cattle has created two groups of animals - bulls, economy, safe on a brucellosis, at the age of 1,5-2 years which aren't imparted earlier only 64 heads. Blood serums from immunized animal all groups investigated by the standard methods according to "Manual on diagnosis of a brucellosis of animals" (2014) in reactions: the roses bengal test (RBT), the agglutination reaction (AR) and reaction of binding of a complement with "A set of components for diagnosis of a brucellosis of animals in RA, RSK, RDSK" with uniform brutsellezny antigen (S) and R-antigen, reactions of immunodiffusion (RID) with O-PS antigens.At animals immunized B.abortus 82, noted reactions throughout the entire period of a research (90 days), including in high credits, both with S-, and with R-antigens. At conjunctival immunization of animals vaccine from B.abortus 19 strain for the 30th days in serums of blood has revealed the agglutinating and komplementsvyazyvayushchy antibodies with S-antigen in low credits at 21 animals that has made 65% of total in group, and by 60 days they completely disappear. It is established that conjunctival use of vaccine from a strain of B.abortus19 allows to provide the high level of immunity to brucellas at animals and to freely carry out diagnostics of animals.

Newcastle disease is a big threat to poultry. Most often in Kyrgyzstan there are such infectious diseases of birds: Newcastle disease, infectious laryngotracheitis, infectious bronchitis, etc.The reservoir of pathogens can be migratory wild birds, as well as domestic ducks and geese.According to the State Inspectorate for Veterinary and PhytosanitarySecurity under the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic, in August 2012, 4 points were registered for Newcastle disease. Work carried out in the laboratory of Virology and Biotechnology Research Institute named after A. Duysheeva veterinary medicine. As a pathological material, we used lungs of sick birds taken during the outbreak of Newcastle disease in the Kyrgyz Republic in 2012 -2016. The purpose of our work was to identify the virus of Newcastle disease, to conduct serological and molecular biological studies. The investigation of Newcastle disease has been carried out under laboratory conditions, we have to do this, we used chicken embryos to accumulate virus Subsequently, the allantoic liquid was collected from the eggs for the reaction using a molecular biological method of PCR, which showed the following results. Based on the results of PCR analysis, positive results were obtained from 15 samples in these samples of 9, 11, 13, 15. This indicates a pathogenic virus, which confirms the diagnosis of the disease in Newcastle disease. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) allows detection of fragments of the virus genome regardless of previous vaccination and antibody level. The obtained data will be used for carrying out further research on phylogenetic analysis, to identify and determine the strain of virus.

In order to control the quality of carried out antiparasitic and devastation measures, as well as to monitor changes in the natural habitat of parasitic worms at the interspecies level in August 2018 in the laboratory for the study of invasive diseases of animals on the basis of the Department of Parasitology named after V. L. Yakimov at the "St. Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine", 50 samples of feces of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) from the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Polar Urals, the upper reaches of the Hanmei river) were examined according to the Darling's method, method of successive washes and the Wajda's method. To determine the generic affiliation of Strongylida nematodes, the invasive larvae were cultured from helminthes eggs according to the Petrov and Gagarin's method. Microscopy of the obtained temporary preparations was carried out using a light microscope Microton-200M (Petrolaser) according to the light field method. Photographing of objects was carried out with the help of the Xperia XA2 (SONY) smartphone. Identification was carried out using reference manuals. The parasitizing of gastrointestinal nematodes of Strongylida order the Molineidae family (Nematodirus spp.), Haemonchidae family (M. digitatus) and Trichostrongylidae family (Trichostrongylus spp.) (extensiveness of infestation: 100%), neuromuscular nematodes of the Strongylida order the Protostrongylidae family (E. rangiferi) (extensiveness of infestation: 12%), as well as gastrointestinal nematodes of the Spiruri-da order the Habronematidae family (P. skrjabini) (extensiveness of infestation: 20%) has been established according to detected eggs and larvae. Discovered gastrointestinal nematodes are typical parasites of ruminant animals, and E. rangiferi is a reindeer-specific helminth. The identification of the phases of development of these parasitic nematodes is the basis for recommending de-worming of the reindeer surveyed.

Many researchers express concern about the emergence of stable forms of eimerias and the breadth of resistance, because this determines the duration of "life" of anticoccidial products. The field isolates of the emery were isolated from the biological material (litter) from broiler chickens from poultry farms of the Russian Federation, typed to species and propagated according to the generally accepted method. Typing of the emmeries was carried out according to the morphological features of the oocysts, the duration of the prepatent period, and pathomorphological changes in the intestinal tract after the challenge of the susceptible bird. Sporulated ovocysts were stored in a solution of 2.5% potassium di-chromate at a temperature of 4-6 ° C until the time of the study. The sensitivity of the field crops to the active ingredients and their combinations was determined on broiler chickens at the age of fourteen days, grown under conditions appropriate to age and excluding their spontaneous infection with infectious and parasitic diseases. In the present work, the species composition of the field isolates of Eimeria circulating in poultry-farming enterprises of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus and their sensitivity to combined anticoccidial drugs are investigated. The species composition of the field isolates of chicken Eimeria in six cases is represented by a mixture of E. acervulina and E. tenella, and in three cases - E. acervulina, E. tenella, and E. maxima. The low sensitivity of the field isolates of chicken Eimeria to ionophore antibiotics and to their combination with nicarba-zin has been established. One isolate of three is sensitive to narasin, two of six to monensin, one to four to maduramicin, two of seven to a combination of narasin + nicarbazin, one in eight to a combination of monensin + nicarbazin and one of two to a combination of maduramicin + nicarbazin. Three field isolates, presented as a mixture of E. acervulina and E. tenella, and a mixture of E. acervulina, E. tenella and E. maxima, showed partial resistance to all the drugs studied.

The purpose of this study was to investigate theembryotoxic and teratogenic effects of an antiviral drug, Triazavirin. The main objective of the study was to explore this issue on a biological model - white mice, to get two generations (F1, F2) and analyze their number, offspring, its size and weight. We formed two groups of 20 mice - experimental and control (F0). From the first days of pregnancy to the delivery day the mice were treated with Triazavirin drug at a dose of 0.002 g diluted with 0.2 mL of saline solution. The drug solution was administrated intragastrically with a probe, once a day. Killing of 10 mice was carried out on the 20th day, before delivery; on the 21st day other mice delivered the first generation of offspring (F1). By the age of 3 months the survival rate of mice offspring (F1) was 85.93% in the experimental group and 84.61% in the control group.15 male mice and 30 female mice were selected out of the obtained litter (F1) in the experimental group. No drug administration to the selected mice. The control group was formed. The mice mated and delivered a new litter (F2). On the 21st day the pregnant mice delivered the second generation of offspring (F2). In the experimental group an average litter per one female mouse was 7.1, in the control group this number was 7. By the age of 3 months the survival rate in the experimental group was 76.06%, and in the control group acceptable. During the autopsy of all generations of pregnant female mice and fetuses examination no severe development defects or hemorrhages were found, all fetuses were alive. Administration of the drug throughout the pregnancy period (during the preimplant, implant, and organogenesis periods) causes no embryotoxic or teratogenic effects. No increase in fetal mortality rate as compared to the control rate or significant deviations in the size and weight of new-born, 1-month-old and 3-month-old mice were noticed. During the autopsy of female mice no high rate of pre- and post-implant mortality was noticed. No visible changes were found during the autopsy and examination of the female and fetuses in the experimental group.

The purpose of our research was to study the effect of the preparation "Anandin"®, synthesized on the basis of two classes of compounds: nitrogen-containing a -D-glucofurase and acrylic acid derivatives, on the main indicators characterizing the state of congenital and adaptive immunity in sows during gestation and lactation. Studies were carried out in one of the large pig farms of the Leningrad Region in the autumn-winter period. In the first series of experiments, an experimental and control group of sows with a duration of 60 days (n = 30) was formed. In this series of studies of the experimental (30 pregnant sows), Anandin ® was administered at a dose of 15 mg / kg of live weight twice on the 60th and 90th day of gestation, and the animals of the control group Anandin ® were not administered. Laboratory blood tests were performed before and after administration of the drug. To determine the activity of innate immunity of sows, the following parameters were studied: lysozyme activity, oxygen-independent bactericidal system of phagocytes, activity of bactericidal systems of neutrophils, level of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in serum, production of lymphokines by T lymphocytes. According to the results of the research it was revealed that the use of "Anandin"® had an impact on some indicators characterizing the cellular and humoral factors of congenital and adaptive immunity in sows during various periods of pregnancy and lactation. Its positive effect on cellular factors of congenital (activity of oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent bactericidal systems of neutrophils (LCT and NST-stimulated) and adaptive immunity (production of lymphokines in RTML) and removal of antigens (level of circulating immune complexes) was revealed. The drug had no significant effect - the dynamics of the indices was similar, both in the experimental and in the control groups of animals. Keywords: Anandin, pregnant sows, natural immunity, adaptation immunity

Two hundred ninety strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms are allocated and identified during 20072018 in the Belgorod department of FGBNU FNC VIEV RAN.The minimal suppressive concentration of various fluoroquinolones concerning the allocated activators is established in researches. The fluoroquinolones: enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and ofloxacin are used in an experiment.Gram-negative microorganisms have the greatest sensitivity to fluoroquinolones. The minimal suppressive concentration of the studied drugs concerning isolates of salmonellas (Salmonella choleraesuis, Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella dublin) was in 0,001-0,5mkg/ml.The minimal suppressive concentration for Pseudo-monas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli was in 0,01-0,5 mkg/ml.The fluoroquinolones have high antimicrobial activity concerning strains of Pasteurellamultocida (0,004- 0,0118mkg/ml).Some Gram-positive microorganisms were highly sensitive to fluoro-quinolones.The minimal suppressive concentration of the studied medicines is 0,01 0,5 mkg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hyicus, Staphylococcus intermedius and Staphylococcus xylosus, and 0,001-0,5 mkg/ml for Streptococcus spp.The fluoroquinolones detained growth of Erysipelotrix rhusiopatiae, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Haemophy-lus pleuropneumoniae and Mycoplasma hyorhinis in concentration of 0,005-0,15, 0,06-0,62, 0,15-0,5 and 0,08-0,5 mkg/ml respectively.Strains of Enterococcus faecalis (0,25-2 mkg/ml), Listeria monocytogenes and Morganella morganii (0,1-0,5 mkg/ml) were a little less sensitive to fluoroquin-olones.Enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norflox acin and ofloxacin have high antimicrobial activity concerning salmonellas, pasterellas, escherichias, pseudomonads, streptococci and staphilococci, the activator of an erysipelas of pigs, and also causative agents of campylobacteriosis, a gemofilez and mycoplasmosis. The minimal suppressive concentration values of the studied drugs can be used when developing scientifically based schemes of treatment of the infectious diseases by means of fluoroquinolones

Staphylococcus aureus is by far the most frequently isolated microorganism in different animals. In rabbits, this bacterium causes important economic loss associated with several lesions, such as septicemia, pododermatitis, multisystemicabscessation andmastitis.Pododermatitis is a widespread disease of rabbits, which is one of the main reason for the culling of commercial rabbits.The present study aimed to determine the distribution of Staphylococcifrom breeding rabbits with pododermatitis and healthy rabbits of different ages. For this purpose35 samples were collected and examined for the presence of Staphylococcus species by conventionalmethods.The species identify a total of 22 strains of staphylococci was determinedby biochemical method. Sensitivity of staphylococcal strains belonging to different species was studied with respect to antibiotics from different classes by disk diffusion method.3 S. aureus and 12 strains of coagulase -negative staphylococci (CNS)were isolated from diseasedrabbits.CNS included S. xylosus(n=5), S. gallinarum(n=5), S. sapro-phyticus(n=2). Two isolates of S. gallinarum, 2 of S. saprophyticusand single strains ofS. xylosus, S. cohniiand S. simulanswere isolated from healthy animals. The investigated isolates of staphylococci revealed high sensitivity to most of the tested antibiotics. Penicillins, macrolides, lincosamides and cephalosporins of II and III generations were less active against tested isolates.The prevalence of multiple drug resistance in this study was 59% (13/22). Among them 1 S. aureus and 7 strains of CNS were identified.

The object of the study was a wound healing gel containing 4% chlorhexidine, developed at the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology of St. Petersburg State Medical University. Clinical trials of wound healing gel were carried out on the basis of the veterinary clinic "Nika". For this purpose, two groups of dogs were formed with 10 heads each. The animals in the groups were determined on the basis of analogues, so that the wound size was in the range 3-4 cm. The first, experimental group, after surgical treatment, was treated with 4% gel with chlorhexidine. In the control group, after treatment of the wound surface, treatment was performed with Levomecol ointment. Studies of antimicrobial activity were carried out in vitro by diffusion on solid nutrient media, with reference strains of microorganisms, the main potential causative agents of wound purulent processes: Escherichia coli (strain 259222), Staphylococcus aureus (strain 25923), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain 27953), Proteus mirabilis. The account of antimicrobial activity was carried out by measuring the zone of growth retardation of microorganisms. The obtained data allow to draw a conclusion that the purulent inflammation of the wound surface causes the association of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms. An important role in this process is assigned to the coccal microflora, which is 70%. Antibacterial study of 4% gel with chlorhexidine showed high antimicrobial activity against the microflora isolated from the wound surface. Conducted clinical trials suggest that 4% with chlorhexidine gel has a pronounced wound-healing effect. Healing of a wound defect in dogs, in a group where a 4% gel with chlorhexidine was used as a treatment, occurred on day 12, and under the action of Levomecol ointment by day 16.

The work was performed in veterinary clinics in St. Petersburg for 24 animals - 10 cats and 14 dogs. The age of animals is 3-8 years. All animals were excluded from therapeutic diseases, parasitic diseases that could be accompanied by itching, and also excluded the presence of food allergies. Atopic dermatitis was diagnosed in 10 cats and 4 small dogs, in 6 large dogs, atopic matitis was diagnosed. Four large dogs were diagnosed with primary seborrhea (the diagnosis was histologically). The results of studies on the use of platelet autoplasma in the treatment of itching in dogs and cats demonstrated its effectiveness as an alternative to hormonal therapy in large breeds of dogs. The pronounced effect was observed mainly in large breeds of dogs, which is associated, apparently, with better tolerability of the procedure in these animals. Small dogs tolerated the procedure worse, not always allowed to conduct it with proper quality. In cats, itching recurred after a month or two, after the development of remission of the disease, which is most likely due to species characteristics. The positive effect of the use of platelet autoplasma is achieved by the presence of platelet growth factors, which accelerate the regeneration of damaged tissues, and mediators, which have anti-inflammatory action. Platelet autoplasma showed clinical efficacy in monotherapy and can be recommended as an alternative to hormonal therapy in the treatment of itching of the large breeds of dogs. The method of using platelet autoplasm is similar to the method of using dermorollerapi and iksalopecia in dogs of the Spitz breed. In this procedure, trauma to the skin leads to the development of growth factors and, thus, the regeneration of the skin is stimulated. However, the use of the dermoroller was not widely used, since it requires the use of general anesthesia.

The genotypic reaction of foxes (Vulpes vulpes L.) of two genotypes: silvery-black (bb) and red (AABB) to inclusion of succinic acid in the diet was investigated. The drug was added to the feed of young animals starting with the deposition from mothers at the age of two months (beginning of July) and ending with the slaughter of animals at the age of seven months (end of November) to obtain skins. Succinic acid was included in the diet at the rate of 5 mg per kg of live weight for 10 days at the beginning of each month from July to November (5 months, 50 injections of drug). Quality indicators of the skin were determined in accordance with GOST 2790-88. Succinic acid has had a significant impact on the size of the skins: zero size was 12.5% of the foxes silver-black genotype, a 3.35% of red foxes were the size 00, to 6.65% - size of 0, indicating a significant influence of succinic acid on the consolidation of red foxes. The number of defect-free skins silver black genotype was 75% compared to 70% of the red foxes, which indicates the improvement of the quality of the fur of silver foxes. Objective evaluation of the influence of succinic acid on the overall distribution of skins in size groups and defects allows to make a test on the quality: foxes silver-black genotype in the control group received 102,58% vs 103,60% of individuals in the experimental group, respectively, on the genotype of the red foxes the drug also had a positive impact - of 105.25% vs 106,30%, respectively. Thus, foxes of different genotypes react differently to the inclusion of succinic acid in the diet. Silvery-black fox reacts to the introduction of the drug mainly by accelerating the formation of the skin and its derivatives, red fox - increasing live weight.

It is known that bur-marigold extract (Bidens tripartita) has anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties and is used to treat diseases animals. The traditional use of this medicinal plant may be due to its unique characteristics to influence the processes of Quorum Sensing (QS) of bacterial communities. The purpose of this study was a comprehensive study of the chemical profile and biological properties of extracts obtained from B. tripartita, for further practical use in veterinary medicine. The study of anti-QS activity in in biosynthesisinhibition tests of violacein was carried out by agar diffusion method, chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the component composition of the herb. The study of anti-QS activity in biosynthesis inhibition tests of violacein confirmed the increase in pigmentation of the wild C. violaceum strain and the stimulation of the pigmentation of C. violaceum CV026 without the addition of C6-AHL. There was no significant difference in the size and quality of pigmentation, identical results were observed in all cases. Analyzing the results of chromatography-mass spectrometry of active substances of the herb extract, it has been established that most of them are residues of complex sugars, which partially decompose as a result of the preparation of extract and the effect of methanol and nucleic acid derivatives.The chemical structure and known data on biological activity of the identified chemical compounds have been studied; it will help to determine their functioning as possible inhibitors or activators of the QS system. The burmarigold has a unique feature to influence the Quorum sensing system of bacterial communities due to the effect of quorum-dependent pigmentation stimulation, while further study of biological activity of the identified chemical compounds is necessary.

To study the effect of the new phytosorption complex on the organism of young minks two groups were created each with 20 heads. Young animals in the 40-day-old age planted two individuals in each cage.The experimental group in addition to the total diet was administered a phytosorption complex at a dose of 2 g/head. Animals of the control group received a common diet without additives. The drug was prescribed daily for 116 days. Before and at the end of the experiment, massometry was performed to assess the development of the young mink. Throughout the experiment, a clinical examination of animals was conducted, where the general condition was noted: feed intake and appetite, reaction to stimuli, the color of visible mucous membranes, thecondition of hair. At the end of the studies, a fecal analysis of the fecal masses was carried out, with seeding on the MPA and Endo medium. To assess the functional state of the mink, a hematological analysis was performed. To study of the new phytosorption complex have proved its safety and effectiveness for young minks. Adding the drug to the total diet, during 116 days, promoted growth, increased energy metabolism, digestibility of feed and increased natural resistance. The results of coprological studies have shown the antimicrobial activity of the phytosorption complex, which contributes to reducing the toxic load on the animal organism.

The purpose of our research was to study the acaricidal activity of the preparations of Flyblock and Damit superforte in the of cattle scabies. Flyblock contains as active ingredient cyfluthrin 10 mg/ml. In the composition of Damit superforte includes a formamide compound and a synthetic pyrethroid of the new generation at 50 mg/ml. For the setting of the experiments 21 animals with clinical signs of scabies were selected. The animals were divided into 3 groups of 7 animals each. The animals of the 1st group were treated with Flyblock, the animals of the 2nd group were treated with Damit superforte, the animals of the 3rg group served as controls and did not undergo treatment. The cows were treated with the preparations twice with an interval of 7 days. From each animal scrapings were taken before the first and repeated treatments, and also 7 days after re-treatment. The material was taken from 1 cm² of skin in 3 places in the lesion area of each animal. As a result of the studies it was found that the preparation Fly-block possesses 71% efficiency in single treatment and 100% efficiency in a double treatment of cattle with scabies with an interval of 7 days by a rubbing method. In this case the decrease in the number of alive ectoparasites in the test material 7 days after the first treatment was 84.5%. The preparation Damit superforte possesses 100% efficiency in the single treatment case by a method of rubbing of cattle with scabies.

The problem of increasing the resistance of microorganisms and a decrease in the effectiveness of antibiotics forces specialists around the world to seek new agents for the treatment and prevention of animal diseases. Essential oils contained in plants have antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. Phytobiotic complexes improve the palatability of the main diet, increase its eating and digestibility of nutrients. The main mechanism of antimicrobial action of components is a decrease in the adhesive ability of microorganisms, the main determining factor of bacterial and fungal virulence. A study on the antimicrobial activity of the new preparation was carried out in vitro by diffusion to agar for the following reference strains of microorganisms-Enterococcus feacalis, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aerugenosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. For the study, a slurry containing a standard number of microorganisms was prepared and plated on a layer of nutrient agar in Petri dishes. The seed size was determined according to the procedure described in GF XIII (2016). The account of antimicrobial activity was carried out by measuring the zone of growth inhibition of microorganisms. According to the data obtained, the new phytobiotic complex has a pronounced antimicrobial effect against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, 18.2 ± 0.45 mm and 19.2 ± 0.24 mm, respectively. The delay zone for Staphyloccusaureus was 13.0 ± 0.25 mm, for Pseudomonas aeruginosa 10.3 ± 0.21 mm. Thus, the conducted studies showed that the new phytosorption complex has a pronounced antimicrobial effect. This drug may be of interest to veterinary specialists in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and increase the productivity of animals.

The current "Rules for the veterinary inspection of slaughter animals and veterinary and sanitary examination of meat and meat products" does not describe the features of identification of products of slaughter of nutria. When carrying out a post-mortem inspection of nutria, it should be borne in mind that meat and slaughter products of nutria obtained from sick animals can be dangerous in veterinary and sanitary terms for consumers. The purpose of the work is post-mortem inspection and description of the carcasses structure and internal organs of nutria for identification of species in the post -mortem veterinary and sanitary examination. Determining the species of meat is one of the most important issues of veterinary and sanitary examination, because meat falsification is often found in distributing facilities. Rabbit or nutria meat is replaced by a less valuable type of meat, for example, cat meat. The subject of the study is carcasses of nutria males and females at the age of 6, 12 and 24 months. In all 65 of nutria carcasses were examined. Post-mortem veterinary-sanitary inspection was carried out in accordance with the "Rules of veterinary inspection of slaughter animals and veterinary and sanitary examination of meat and meat products" (1988). As a result of the conducted studies, it was established that for the identification of meat and slaughter products of nutria, the presence of fat deposits in the withers area, the presence of a fatty gland in a round shape, lobular structure between the scapulae over the spinous processes of 5-8 thoracic vertebrae, the absence of the mastoid process of the liver and the specific form of the kidneys: right kidney is bean-shaped, and the left kidney is triangular.

Since July 2018, the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union « Safety of Milk and Dairy Products» have been amended concerning cheeses, in particular a new category of food products is introduced: «cheese, a milk product produced using cheese technology with milk fat substitute». Samples of cheese «Dutch», «Kostromskoi», which were made according to State Standart 32260-2013, «Oltermanni», «Hermanni» produced in Finland, cheese products with milk fat substitute for «Smetankoviy», «Gouda», and «Smoked» were selected as objects of study. Studies on comparative evaluation of organoleptic and physicochemical parameters of semisolid cheeses and cheese products made with the addition of a milk fat substitute were conducted. According to the results of organoleptic studies of cheeses and cheese products, for each indicator scores were assessed. The highest estimation got the cheese produced in Finland and the Dutch and Kostromskaya cheeses - 90-100 points, while cheese products with milk fat substitutes are considerably inferior to consumer properties. Their overall score is 65-80 points. The results of the conducted researches of cheeses and cheese products on organoleptic and physicochemical indicators of quality have shown allowable values and do not go beyond the norms regulated by the current normative and technical documents. Although products made with milkfats ubstitute, significantly inferior to natural cheeses, especially intermsoftaste and smell. Their cost in the retail network is a dequately reduced. The current requirements for the content and rules for labeling products, that are manufactured with milk fat substitutes enable manufacturers to produce «budget» products from plant materials without violating the laws and consumer rights, providing complete information about the product on the packaging and excluding the formulation that introduces buyers into error.

It is shown that one of the main reasons for the reduction of fish stocks in natural waters is a violation of natural reproduction and one of the most important factors of this process is the impact of toxicological factors, the effect of which also adversely affects the functioning of hatcheries for the reproduction of valuable fish species for introduction into natural waters and for industrial fish farming. The results of studies on the comparative toxicoresistance of fish used in aquaculture, in early ontogenesis to test substances reflecting the main types of pollution of water bodies showed (sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, copper sulphide, ortho-cresol, sodium chloride, meat-peptone broth) that the action of these test substances on the incubated eggs, larvae and fish of the family of carp, salmon and whitefish, established a pattern, namely: under the action of all toxicants, in addition to sodium chloride, fish, caviar and carp larvae are most stable, salmon occupy an intermediate position, and whitefish are the most sensitive in the acute and chronic experiments. The peculiarities of the influence of test substances. Scientifically based preventive measures are proposed.

The research was carried out in TatNIISK FIC KazNC RAS, Kazan (Privolzhsky) Federal University, LLC "Agrofirma Rassvet" Kukmorsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan on milking cows of Kholmogory breed of Tatarstan type. The study continued from the 27th to the 90th day of lactation until the end of the ripening period. The animals were divided into four groups of 20 animals each. Milking cows of the first (control) group received the basic economic diet (OP). Animals of the second, third, fourth (experimental) groups received experimental feed concentrate in addition to OR. This concentrate consisted of a complex of enzymes, probiotic microorganisms, L-carnitine, sapropel, taken in a certain ratio, in the amount of 100, 150 and 200 g per head per day, respectively, which was fed separately as an independent component of the ration in the morning feeding. The composition of the experimental feed additive is developed, and its required amount is produced in Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture of FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS. Analysis of the rumen microflora was performed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene on the IlluminaMiSec platform in Kazan (Volga region) Federal University. Studies have established that the use of cows in the rations of feeding an experimental feed supplement did not have a visible effect on the composition of the rumen microflora as a whole. However, the use of experimental feed additive affected the content of important functional groups of microorganisms of the genera Fibrobacter, Ruminococcus, Anaeroplasma and Ruminobacter. These microorganisms provide carbohydrate metabolism, its intensity. The difference in the Shannon index gives grounds to believe that there is a possible dependence of the productive effect of the test feed additive on the uniformity of the distribution of bacteria in the rumen of the animals themselves. This research was supported by FASO Russia project АААА-А18-118031390148-1

Histopathological alterations in functionally important organs were revealed in feral fish from natural lakes of the Subpolar Uralnot affected to anthropogenic impact. Peled (CoregonuspeledL.) and European grayling (Thymallusthymallus L.), that arethe most numerous representatives of native ichthyofauna and sensitive to environmental quality,were objects of the study.The assessment of the fish organism was carried out on the basis of the pathologic-morphological method, gills, liver and kidneys were used as the main histological indicators. It was revealed that hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the epithelial cells dominated among the gill histo-structure lesions. Its progression resulted indegenerative alterations (epithelial lifting of the secondary lamellae and necrosis of epithelial cells). Degenerative lesions of hepatocytes as necrosis and lipoid degeneration were prevalence in liver.Dominated alterations in kidney consisted of tubular epithelial necrosis (detachment of the tubular epithelial cells from the underlying tubular basement membrane, deposits of desquamating tubular cells and casts in the lumina of the tubuli), glomerulonephritis, and lipoid degeneration. It was shown that the heart and reproductive organs were the most inert to the influence of various toxicants. It was determined that thehistopathological alterations founde dinthestudy were not speciesspecific andcould be interpreted as nonspecific responses of organism to changes of environmental quality.It was revealed that a number of registered disorders (necrotic processes, degenerative changes) are irreversible; some changes (hypertrophy, hyperplasia) are structural and functional bases of adaptive reactions, allowing the fish to survive in the changed state of the environment. It was made the analysis of possible causes of pathologies, including technogenic pollution as a result of transboundary emission of pollutants, temperature jumps during the year, infectious diseases and parasitic infestations, reducing the resistance of fish to diseases.

The aim of the work is to determine pathoanatomical changes in diseases that led to sudden death of piglets in fattening groups, allowing to differentiate these diseases by means of autopsy. To achieve the goal in 2016-2018, the authors conducted an autopsy of 134 piglets, including 45 heads which died suddenly, from fattening groups on pig farms of a number of agricultural enterprises. According to the results of autopsy and additional laboratory studies, diseases that were the primary cause of sudden (acute) death were diagnosed. The reason for sudden death were: intestinal volvulus -46.7% of all uncovered piglets, streptococcosis - 24,4%, mycotoxicosis-hypovitaminosis E and stomach ulcer - at 11,1% (both disease) and also ulcerative urocystitis - 6.7%. If intestinal volvulus was found, it was volvulus around the mesenteric 180 or 360 degrees and severe bloating. The intestinal wall has a dark red color due to venous stagnation and heart attack wrapped mesentery and intestines. In the lumen of the intestine there were an abundance of gases and liquid or liquefied red content. At the site of the inversion, at the root of the mesentery, there is an anemic strangulation strip. Pathological diagnosis of streptococcosis consisted of the following pathoanatomical changes: an increase in the spleen and many lymph nodes, serous-fibrinous or fibrinous pericarditis, warty endocarditis, myocarditis, white embolic heart attacks in the renal cortex, hemorrhagic meningitis. In 5 pigs which died suddenly, a complex of pathoanatomical changes for characteristic of mycotoxicosis and hypovitaminosis E was established: catarrhal, hemorrhagic, necrotizing, erosive gastritis, toxic liver dystrophy, foci of necrosis in the liver, granular dystrophy and necrosis of the heart muscle. In 5 pigs who died suddenly from gastric ulcer found anemia of the skin, muscles, serous integuments, mucous membranes, internal organs. In the stomach cavity is up to 2-3 liters of liquid and clotted blood. In the cardiac part of the stomach, an extensive deep ulcer of a round, square or rectangular shape, 3 - 4 х 4 - 6 cm in size, was found. The materials of the study are summarized in the table of differential diagnosis of diseases that caused sudden death of piglets on fattening. The paper presents pictures of piglets with pathological changes typical for each disease.

The aim of the study is to improve the treatment of mastitis in cows. A comparative analysis of conventional methods of treatment using the drug "Dienomstum" and hirudotherapy. For the study were formed 2 similar groups of animals with acute mastitis, experimental and control, 10 heads. All the animals of the control group was treated by traditional agriculture scheme, with the use of the drug "Dienomstum", which includes daily intracisternally introduction suspension "Dienomstum" 10 ml each of the affected share. Animals of the experimental group received hirudotherapy sessions for treatment, which consists in setting leeches on the sick udder lobes with a multiplicity of 2 days, 2 leeches. Based on our study, it was found that both methods of treatment of acute catarrhal mastitis are effective. Differences are observed only in the duration of therapy. Already on the sixth day of the treatment activities during the examination of animals of the experimental group of clinical manifestations of the disease was not revealed, the absence of pathology also showed an Express test. In addition, when conducting hirudotherapy is not necessary culling of milk, so the animals after recovery is immediately able to be milked in the overall system. In animals of the control group, recovery occurred only on the eighth day, but after the drug "Dienomstum", milk for food purposes can be used not earlier than 7 days after the last administration, so the animals continued to be milked in separate tanks. After treatment in patients with acute catarrhal mastitis of animals of both groups, blood counts are within the physiological norm. Thus, in the treatment of acute catarrhal mastitis with the treatment in the experimental group recovery occurred 2 days earlier than in the control group, which used antibacterial drug "Dienomstum". The same advantage of hirudotherapy is that animals do not receive synthetic drugs and there is no accumulation of antibiotic in milk, and therefore there are no restrictions on the sale of milk, which prevents economic damage to the economy.