Mycosis of the air-bearing SAC is an infectious chronic disease of horses, characterized by nasal discharge and bleeding, various neuropathies; and the main danger of which is the possibility of lethal epistaxis. Fungi of the genus Aspergillus enter the cavity of the bags with inhaled air and settle on the mucosa, damaging the large arterial vessels (internal and external carotid arteries) and nerves (facial, lingopharyngeal, vagus and hypoglossal cranial nerves) running along its surface. The recommended treatment is surgery on the carotid arteries. However, in a stable environment, conservative treatment is safer. This paper provides an overview of effective drug therapy regimens for mycosis of the equine air SAC. For successful elimination of the pathogen, it is necessary to occlude the affected vessels to limit the nutrition of the fungus. However, such surgical techniques are accompanied by a huge risk, require expensive supplies, a sterile operating room and a highly qualified veterinarian. The effectiveness of conservative treatment consists of two components: mechanical action on the fungus in order to separate it and antimycotic therapy, taking into account the sensitivity of the species to the antibiotic. Daily flushing of the air bag with an endoscope at the site of the lesion can soften the diphtheria membrane, which will later allow it to be separated from the wall using biopsy forceps or a cytological brush. The relevance of the work is that it is easier and safer to carry out conservative treatment of mycosis of the air bag in stables. The purpose of this work is to review effective treatment regimens for mycosis of the equine air SAC without surgical intervention. So, we can call the treatment regimen Itraconazole priority, because this drug has been widely studied on horses and has a high activity to fungi of the genus Aspergillus.

Pasteurellosis having a fairly wide distribution can be a reason that hinders the successful development of poultry farming. The causes and conditions for the occurrence of this disease in farms are often not specific. Pasteurella multocida can manifest itself from an extremely weakened Pasteurella carrier to a highly virulent pathogen. A sick bird is a hidden carrier of this disease and is subject to further culling. All this ultimately leads to significant economic losses. Rapid and reliable detection of this pathogen will reduce or completely prevent economic losses. The clinical manifestation of the disease in the form of a lightning course causes difficulties in its lifetime diagnosis. The aim of our work was to develop unique samples of oligonucleotide sequences of primers specific to the pathogen P. multo-cida. The proposed method will provide detection of Pasteurella multocida within 3-4 hours, as well as rapid and highly specific determination of the type of this bacterium. After analyzing the Pasteurella multo-cida genome, we selected a region of the ptfA gene for the construction of oligonucleotides. A pair of primers were selected for PCR: Pm0567 and Pm1321. Gene sequences were aligned by selecting similar ones in absolutely all the studied Pasteurel-la multocida isolates. Using special computer programs, the specificity of the selected primers was evaluated. A search in the sequence database revealed 100% homology of the selected primers with only homologous sequences in the Pasteurella multo-cida genome. The study of samples containing pathologic agents of bacterial nature by PCR confirmed the specificity of the selected primers. Positive results were obtained only with samples containing Pasteurella multocida. Thus, the selected primers can be proposed for the study of samples of different compositions to identify the genome of Pasteurella multocida.

The article presents the results of a examination of calves under the age of 1 month, kept in one husbandry located on two farms in different districts of the Leningrad region. Diarrhea was found in 45% of calves at the farm in Osminovillage of, Luga district. In the Laboratory for the Study of Parasitic Diseases at the Department of Parasitology named after V. L. Yakimov at the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine, the scatological study algorithm consisted of making a direct smear, using the Darling’s method with an improved flotation fluid and staining fecal smears according to Romanovsky-Giemsa’s and Ziehl-Neelsen’s techniques. The staining of smears from feces by the Romanovsky-Giemsa’s and Ziehl-Neelsen’s techniques made it possible to detect pathogens with a size of 3-5 microns, which are typical for Cryptosporidium sp. and Blastocystis sp. For the detection of blastocysts, the preferred diagnostic method is the Romanovsky-Giemsa staining of fecal smears, and for the detection of cryptosporidia - Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Using this algorithm of scatological studies on a livestock farm located in the village of Porozhkino, the parasitic etiology of dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract in calves was excluded. At the livestock farm in the village of Osmino, a complex of scatological studies was carried out to identify the causative agents of cryptosporidiosis and blastocystosis, and recommendations were given on the implementation of therapeutic and prophylactic measures on this farm. The diagnostic algorithm, which includes a step-by-step study of animal feces by the direct smear method, flotation method, staining of smears according to Romanovsky-Giemsa’s and Ziehl-Neelsen’s techniques allows us to identify a wide range of pathogens and establish not only mono, but also mixed infection.

Losses, associated with the massive spread of parasitic diseases, influence greatly the possible progressive growth in the number of hunting species of wild an-imals. The article provides an assessment of the epizootic situation of parasitoses of wild cloven-hoofed animals ( species Deers ) of the hornbeam-oak-dark forests sub-zone of Belarus. The comparative efficacy of anthelmintics of a wide spectrum of ac-tion, possessing immunomodulatory activity, is given. Ecological and parasitological studies of wild cloven-hoofed animals were car-ried out (2015-2018) in hunting farms of 9 territorial districts of the central forest-growing subzone, where the highest density of animals was recorded by the route method, as well as at stations - GLHU "Berezinsky forestry", GLHU "Ivatsevichy forestry ", Roga-chevskaya, Uzdenskaya and Minskaya ROS RGOO" BOOR " In total, samples of organs and tissues from 55 shot animals were studied, us-ing methods of excrement samples, generally accepted in parasitology. During the statistical processing of the collected material in order to assess the infestation of an-imals by parasites, the following indicators were used: the extent of invasion (EI) and the intensity of invasion (II). Experiments have shown that the class of nematodes is the most species-rich in the helminthoses of wild artiodactyl animals. Widespread helminthiases in elk and red deer are - mecystocirrhosis and strongyloi-dosis, and in European roe deer - tri-chostrongyloidosis. The focus of helminthic infestation in elk should be considered pine young stands, complex spruce forests, renewable felling, for red deer - a complex pine for-est, a complex spruce forest, and for European roe -broad-leaved plantations, black alder forests and agricultural fields. For deworming of wild animals high antiparasitic efficiency was shown by new complex remedies - "Polyparatsid" and "Tetrahelminthicide", which have an im-munostimulating effect.

The involvement of various associations of bacterial and viral nature in the infectious and pathological processes creates difficulties in the early diagnosis of infectiones, including respiratory diseases, that dramatically reduces the effectiveness of preventive and therapeutic measures. Therefore, at present, the most justified way to increase the effectiveness of antiepizootic measures is to find modern disinfectants with a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity. The purpose of the work is to conduct assay of the “Fumiyod” drug in the form of fumigation aerosols at the conditions of farms in the Leningrad Region, for the treatment of young cattle and pigs with symptoms of infectious respiratory diseases. The diagnosis of respiratory diseases, including bronchopneumonia, infectious rhinotracheitis, rhinitis was set comprehensively in calves aged 5-6 months and repair young pigs aged 4-5 months. Tested samples of iodine-containing checkers (Fumiyod preparation) were sublimated at exposition for 3 hours. According to the literature and the results of previous in-house production tests, iodine vapor at a concentration of about 0.02 g / m3 has a fairly high bactericidal activity. The therapeutic efficacy from the use of the “Fumiyod” drug in the form of fumigation aerosols for calves and repair pigs was about 90%. Recovery of young animals from respiratory diseases (by the disappearance of symptoms) in the experimental groups after 4 times of use of iodine inhalations of the “Fumiyod” drug (every other day, once a day), within the bactericidal concentration of iodine vapor 0.02 g / m3, with an exposure of 1 hour, occurred 2 days earlier than in the control group with the useof the antibiotic oxytetracycline at a dose of 30-40 thousand units / kg of body weight per day for 10-12 days. The use of iodine checkers did not negatively affect the health status of calves and piglets in the experimental groups, and did not cause complications in animals.

The aim of the studies was to conduct a veterinary-hygienic assessment of changes in the eggs productivity of laying hens, after the use of the “Prinarovskaya supplement of fish (DKR)” in their main diet, which is a homogeneous dry mass made from chilled river fish, by-products of fish processings, as well as grain products (wheat bran). The method of production of the additive includes the following steps: grinding, cavitation heating and subsequent drying of the resulting mixture. The studied supplement contains a number of amino acids, vitamins and minerals, etc. The object of the study were laying hens of the LomannLsn-Classic breed at the age of 131 days. “Prinarovskaya DKR” were introduced into the diet of experimental laying hens: of the 1st experimental group 8 g of “Prinarovskaya DKR” were introduced per 100 g of the main ration (RR); The 2nd experimental group - 6 g. DKR to main ration; 3rd experimental group - 4 g. DKR to main ration; the control group was fed only main ration - feed PK1 -1G_1227 (GOST: R 51851-2001). A veterinary-hygienic assessment of the quality of eggs, obtained from laying hens, when feeding a new feed additive “Prinarovskaya” was carried out. We kept daily records of laid eggs by groups, the period of the beginning of oviposition. The egg production were calculated of the initial and middle laying hens , the egg production intensity for 120 days. To assess egg productivity, the weight of laid eggs, the egg mass for a certain period of egg laying, and the feed costs per 10 laid eggs were determined. Organoleptic, physical, and chemical methods were used to evaluate egg quality. Egg mass is an important indicator of egg nutrition. GOST 31654-2012 "Food eggs. Technical conditions ”, as well as the requirements for chicken hatching eggs, the minimum weight of food and hatching eggs (45 g) is indicated, below which the implementation and incubation of eggs is not recommended [1]. In studies, the following indicators were taken into account: large and small diameter of eggs, egg density, egg shape index of laying hens of different groups. To assess the state of the internal contents of the egg after opening, the following indicators were taken into account: protein mass, yolk mass, shell mass, egg volume. An external examination of the eggs assessed the condition of the shell, the presence of cracks, growths and depressions. The study indicates a positive effect of the feed additive "Prinarovskaya" on the egg productivity of birds in all periods of egg laying

One of the most relevant areas of veterinary science is the search for new, environmentally safe, antimicrobial drugs. From this position, special attention should be paid to products based on ionized silver. As part of preclinical studies, the toxic properties of a new complex drug containing nanoserebro and a proteolytic enzyme as active substances were determined. The toxicity study was performed on healthy sexually Mature out-bred white male mice with a live weight of 20-24 grams. The effect of a single dose was determined by intragastric (n=7) and intra-peritoneal administration (n=7), chronic toxicity was determined by introperitoneal administration of the drug for 14 days (n=12). A control group of mice was given saline. The toxic effects of the drug were assessed by changes in behavioral response, appetite, body weight, and the number of fatalities. At the end of the experiment, the surviving mice were euthanized, the hematological properties of the blood and the state of internal organs were evaluated. In the course of studies, it was not possible to establish a lethal dose of the drug, since the maximum allowable volume for intragastric and intra-peritoneal administration (1.0 ml) did not cause it. The tolerated dose of this drug with single and multiple administration was more than 40,000 mg/kg of body weight, which in accordance with GOST 12.1.007-76 allows it to be classified as class 4 toxicity (more than 5,000 mg/kg when administered in the stomach). The use of the drug for two weeks caused minor reversible morphological changes in the blood in mice: hyperchromia (an increase in hemoglobin by 2.3 PG / ml; P<0.05) and more pronounced anisocytosis of red blood cells (by 2.7%; P<0.001), without any macroscopic changes in internal organs. Thus, the results obtained reflect the weak toxic effect of the drug, which allows us to go directly to its clinical trials.

Today, quail farming is one of the most intensively developing branches of agriculture, which is associated with the possibility of producing this subsector of dietary products: meat and eggs. In this regard, increasing the growth rate of quail breeding through the use of new science-intensive and environmentally friendly methods becomes an urgent task. At the same time, as you know, the success of production largely depends on the work of the hatchery. The developed method of stimulating the embryonic development of quails is an effective and interesting direction in this matter. The use of biostimulants at the early stage of ontogenesis, in embryogenesis, contributed to a decrease in the amount of incubation waste and an improvement in metabolism. Thus, the preincubation treatment of Japanese quail eggs with a composition consisting of colamine, succinic acid, serine and vitamin B6 made it possible to increase the viability of embryos, as well as optimize metabolic processes in the body and increase the level of nonspecific resistance. In particular, the hatching of quails in the experimental batch exceeded the control by 15.19% (p <0.001), and the hatchability of eggs - by 10.48% (p <0.001), the mass of the yolk sac with residual yolk in the experiment was significantly lower by 2 times. Also, the content of total protein in the blood serum of quails of the experimental group increased by 18% (p <0.05), albumin - by 5.5% of the activity of а-amylase by 6.9% (p <0.05), glucose - by 3.4%, there was a decrease in LDH activity by 1.3 times and a decrease in lactate content - by 5.1% relative to the control, while BaSk increased by 3.8% (p <0.05), lyso-zyme - by 6, 4% (p <0.05).

Our studies are devoted to the search for new drugs with antioxidant, antihypoxant, immunomodulatory effects in order to increase the productivity of poultry. Due to the fact that beta-glucan has not previously been studied on poultry, before determining the effective therapeutic range of its doses, it is necessary to study the effect of a conditionally therapeutic dose of the drug on the body. A conditionally therapeutic dose - hereinafter - means the average therapeutic dose of a drug offered by the manufacturers of the respective drugs, calculated for humans (mammals).The main purpose is to study the effect of beta-glucan on meat productivity, morphological, biochemical indices of blood. In the experiment we used clinically healthy young hens of meat breeds of three months of age of the “Cobb 500” cross. The broilers of the first group (n = 9) were not prescribed the drug, they served as controls; the second group (n = 9) were given beta-glucan at 10 mg/kg body weight, corresponding to 125 g/t of food, for 14 days. The use of beta-glucan was accompanied by an increase in the average daily body weight, gain by 4,9%, slaughter yield by 1,5%, a significant increase in blood erythrocyte content by 32,6% on day 7, monocyte level by half, a decrease in total bilirubin by 21,0%, and a decrease in blood malonic dialdehyde by 10,8% on day 14. Cumulatively all data collected indicates positive effect of beta-glucan on meat productivity, morphological composition of blood broilers and metabolism in organism and prospects of its use in poultry industry

The implementation of zoohygienic norms and rules is an obligatory part of the biological safety program of a poultry enterprise. At the same time, an important role belongs to the organization and conduct of disinfection of all technological sections of the production cycle. Another fundamental factor in ensuring the Biosafety of poultry farms is the development and implementation in each individual farm of its own program for the control and specific prevention of infectious diseases of birds using vaccines, therapeutic and disinfecting drugs. This has become especially relevant in recent years, due to the increased number of pathogens of new infectious diseases of birds, new antigenic, serological variants and forms of pathogens of known viral and bacterial diseases that arise as a result of their mutation and genetic transformation in the direction of increasing virulence, adaptation and resistance to the action of antibacterial drugs. Therefore, the efforts of a significant number of specialists in the fight against infectious diseases of birds lie in the production and promotion of new modern and effective disinfectants. One such remedy is the disinfectant of a new generation of Tevtropin R+ domestic production (manufacturer - plastprom, OOO). In appearance, the drug is a transparent aqueous solution containing tetramethylenedieth-ylenetetramine (35.0+1.5%) as the active substance in a mixture with functional additives: alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride and didecyldimethylammonium chloride (surfactant). The drug has bactericidal, virucidal, fungicidal and sporocidal activity. Disinfecting properties are due to the ability to penetrate the cells of bacteria, viruses, and fungi and interact with the amino groups of purine and pyrimidine bases of RNA and DNA, blocking their matrix-genetic function.

These studies reflect the results of the effectiveness of the use of drugs "Karofertin" and "Hemobalance" in preparing cows for embryo transplantation. Studies on cows used the Holstein breed. At the same time, three experimental groups were formed, through which the drugs "Karofertin" and "Hemobalance" are administered both as mono therapy and in combination. The formulations were not administered to the control group. The aim was to evaluate these drugs for studies of the hematological status of animals that are used as donors and recipients of embryos, as one of the main criteria presented for embryo transplantation - this is their physiological status, especially from the reproductive system, as well as from other organs and systems. ... In this regard, the task was set - to assess the dynamics of the morphological composition of blood and leukogram in experimental animals. The study will also use the biochemical parameters of serum in cows when using "Carofertin" and "Hemobalance", and the concentration of gonadal hormones in the administration of these drugs. Thus, the studied drugs were administered by stabilizing the state of animals, in particular from the reproductive system, and the dynamics of their hematological status was assessed. Carofertin contains synthetic beta carotene, which is a provitamin A, participates in many processes in the body and is directly involved in the metabolism of steroid hormones, folliculogenesis, the formation of the corpus luteum, etc. Hemobalance is a multivitamin complex preparation containing amino acids, due to which optimizes metabolic processes in the body (protein, vitamin and mineral). During the experiment, a positive effect on the preparations and systems of experimental animals was found, but the best result was achieved with the combined administration of "Carofertin" and "Hemobalance", during the experiment, a significant increase in hemoglobin by 27.2% was noted, an increase in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate by 1, 8 times and other indicators.

Development and improvement of treatment modes for colibacillosis in chickens is very important as this disease is rather prevalent in bird population. Fluoroquinolones are drugs that are very effective in treating bacterial infections, associated with Gram-negative microorganisms, in animals. The goal of the present research was to evaluate acute toxicity of Levofloxacin in chickens and to study its comparative therapeutic efficacy in experimental colibacillosis of chickens. For the experiment aimed at evaluating acute toxicity of Levofloxacin all the chickens were assigned to a total of 18 groups, 10 chickens were assigned to each group. The drug was administered by intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 1ОО to 950 mg/kg body weight. In our research median lethal dose (LD5₀) of Levofloxacin, in case of intraperitoneal introduction to chickens, was as high as 470 mg/kg body weight (276.4-799 mg/ kg body weight). For the experiment aimed at studying comparative therapeutic efficacy of Levofloxacin in experimental colibacillosis all the chickens were assigned to a total of 8 groups, 25 chickens were assigned to each group. In the course of the experiment every chicken was challenged with Escherichia coli, by intraperitoneal introduction of 150 million CFUs (E. coli had been cultured in suspension for 24 hours). Antimicrobial drugs (Levofloxacin, Enrofloxacin, Colistin, Ditrim, Doxycycline, Chloramphenicol) were first administered 24 hours before the challenge, at a concentration of 2ОО mg/L, via drinking water. The treatment continued 5 days. The chickens were monitored 3 weeks. The results of the experiments show the high therapeutic effect in cases of Levofloxacin (100%) and Enrofloxacin (92%). Administration of other antimicrobial drugs did not lead to the expected results. The survival rate was in the range 12 to 20%.

The purpose of the work is to evaluate the effectiveness of preventive disinfection of surfaces of technological equipment with fumigation aerosols of the “Fumiyod” drug in livestock and pig premises during the sanitary break. The work was carried out in livestock and pig farms of the Volosovsky district of the Leningrad region. Disinfection of technological equipment in experimental facilities for growing calves and piglets during the sanitary rupture (after the mechanical cleaning and washing of equipment with hot water + 6ООС) was carried out by fumigation aerosols of the “Fumiyod” using iodine blocks by sublimation for 3 hours after exposure. Control was provided by similar facilities after mechanical cleaning and washing of equipment with hot water + 6ООС. Test objects - metal surfaces , concrete, tile, wood, rubber, metlakh tiles. The effectiveness of disinfection of surfaces of technological equipment was evaluated by test of the bacteria of the Escherichia coli group (BGEC) and staphylococcus. To isolate BGEC, KODA medium, or Endo agar, was used to indicate staphylococci - yolk-salt agar (6.5% NaCl). In an experiment in livestock and pig breeding facilities, for the control of the quality of disinfection for the isolation of BGEC, the “Fumiyod” effective disinfection of smooth surfaces at a concentration of О.1О g / m3 for 1 h, rough surfaces, respectively, О.2О g / m3 for 1 hour for the isolation of staphylococci, respectively, in a concentration of О.1-О.2О g / m3 of smooth and rough surfaces at an exposure of 3 hours were carried out. For the control (after washing the equipment with hot water and without disinfection) in washes from smooth and rough surfaces of equipment in pig breeding and livestock buildings BGEC were allocated in 70%; staphylococci, respectively, in 100% and 95% of the samples. ЛИТЕРАТУРА

Organization of feeding sick horses play an important role in the treatment and recovery of the animal after the disease. In the case of dysphagia, the use of forced nutrition through a nasogastric tube is required, which makes special demands on the feed used and the form of their supply. The main objective of the study was to analyze the results of the organization of feeding of a horse with dysphagia caused by mycosis of the air sac with damaged cranial nerves in a specific clinical case and assess the effectiveness of the feeding methods and techniques for subsequent use in veterinary practice. In the process of treatment, various methods of preparation and administration of feed and water were used. The most effective method at the beginning of treatment (2-3 weeks) was completely enteral feed administration. For the preparation of a mixture for enteral administration, granular compound feeds are well suited that are adopted to the needs of the horse. As the function of swallowing is restored, it is possible to transfer to mush, which include concentrates and roughages. The introduction of roughage in its natural form is not advisable until the swallowing function is fully restored, due to the risk of aspiration pneumonia as hay particles can be thrown into the trachea. During the period of treatment and long recovery, the horse may well manage with a minimum amount of dry matter in the diet (up to 1.5% BW), with sufficient intake of energy and protein. In determining the minimum nutritional needs of the horse, one can focus on the feeding standards of non-working horses with minimal physical activity, proposed by the NRC.

The pollution of surface waters has become rampant, which has led to the degradation of many fishery reservoirs. The variety of toxicants entering water bodies in various ways is extremely large and is constantly being replenished with new substances. Their impact on aquatic organisms is associated with the development of pathological processes, degradation of populations up to their death. This is especially evident in the main object of the use and protection of fishery reservoirs - fish. First of all, the most valuable species of whitefishes and salmon-ids suffered in the North-West region. The paper considers one of the main problems of fisheries in the North-Western region of Russia - the decrease in fish stocks and catches in natural reservoirs, and reveals the main reason for this ongoing process - the violation of natural and factory reproduction of fish and invertebrates due to the influence of a toxicological factor. This primarily affected the most valuable fish species - salmonids, white-fishes, pike perch. It has been shown that in recent years in Lake Ladoga (especially in its southern shallow zone, the main breeding and feeding zone of many fish species) and other reservoirs of the region, the negative situation of violation of reproduction of fish and invertebrates (fish food supply) has significantly worsened, which has had a very negative impact, including the decline in the catch of especially valuable fish resources. Measures to prevent negative events are indicated. The need to take urgent measures to reduce the flow of pollutants into Europe's largest Lake Ladoga and other important fisheries reservoirs in the North-West region is emphasized.

The problem of hoof disease in dairy cattle has increased in recent years, which has a negative impact on the economic situation at dairy complexes. Animal excretion due to hoof disease has increased from 3% to 6% over the last 20 years. Pododermatitis is one of the most common pathologies in the area of fingers in cows. Purulent podo-dermatitis is one of the most common and acute pathologies causing lameness in cows of dairy herd, associated with abnormal animal behavior and impaired quality and dairy productivity. This pathology is caused by unsatisfactory animal housing conditions, poor orthopaedic measures of trimming the hooves in cows and the lack of timely removal of manure, as well as the absence of active motility. As a result of the impact of etiological factors, inflammatory processes are developing in the underlying sole area around the hoof with possible subsequent ulceration and a progressive purulent-necrotic process. However, unsufficient number of research has been done ,answering the question “how lameness caused by purulent pododermatitis affects the cow as a whole”. In our study were compared the hematological and leukocyte profile of dairy cows with purulent pododermatitis in comparison to healthy cows of the control group. A total of 40 dairy cows were examined: 30 cows with severe clinical lameness participated in the study, were diagnosed with purulent podo-dermatitis and in control group - were 10 cows with no clinical movement disorders, good activity, productivity and weight. Blood samples were taken from all 40 cows within 24 hours of the diagnosis of purulent pododermatitis and on the 3rd, 7th, 12th day of treatment as well as after convalescence. The number of white blood cells was obtained using an automatic hematology analyzer.

Currently, on the territory of the North Caucasus Federal District, namely in the city of Stavropol, according to unofficial data, there are about 250 thousand domestic animals, including about 80 thousand dogs. Infection with invasive diseases accounts for 31-33% of the total number of diseases, which include blood-parasitic diseases, in the amount of 9-11 cases per 100 head. Invasion of Babesia canis varies depending on the season and averages 4% of the total number of diseases. In this regard, hematological parameters have been studied in acute and chronic course of babesiosis in dogs. As a result, it was revealed that in acute and chronic course there is a decrease in the number of erythrocytes to 4.756 ± 0.3149 * 1012 / l, which is lower than the reference values by 13.5%, and to 5.344 ± 0.781 * 1012 / l, which is lower by 2 , 8% respectively. There is also a decrease in hemoglobin in the acute course to 113.4 ± 7.567 g / l, or 5.5%, in the chronic course this hematological indicator is within the reference values. A decrease in hematocrit is observed in both courses of babesiosis and amounts to 0.3252 ± 0.01925 l /l, which is 12.1% lower than the reference values in acute and up to 0.3496 ± 0.04137 l / l, or 5, 5% for chronic. Also, in the acute course of this disease, there is a decrease in leukocytes to 5.487 ± 0.4701 * 109 / l, which is 8.5% lower than the reference values. We paid special attention to the manifested changes in platelet counts, and revealed significant thrombocytopenia, in which there is a decrease in the number of platelets to 26.67 ± 2.8 * 109 / l, or 86.6%, as well as thrombocyte to 0.01973 ± 0.005502 cells / 1, which is 90.1% lower than the reference values in acute course. And also in chronic cases, a decrease in platelets to 116.8 ± 10.97 * 109 / l, or 41.6%, and thrombocrit to 0.068 ± 0.01794 cells / l, or 66%, respectively, was revealed.

A small amount of circulating immune complexes is determined in a healthy body, and it naturally increases when there is an antigen in the circulation. Stressful situations can inhibit the implementation of immune protection, both adaptive and innate immune responses. The purpose of this study was to study the dynamics of the level of circulating immune complexes in blood serum after modeling single and combined stress effects in rabbits. 10 male rabbits were used for the experiment. The animals were 8 months old and had a live weight of 3.40±0.73 kg. Transport stress was caused by transporting animals in a car. Immobilization stress was modeled by fixing rabbits in a fixation device for small animals by their legs in the dorsal position. In the final series of experiments, a combination of actions was performed (immobilization, then, after three days, transportation). As a result of studies it was found that the reaction of animals to stress was characterized by decreased level of the CIC, during transportation (by 1.2 times (p<0.05) and immobilization (1.6 times, p<0.05), the combination of stress factors showed a similar effect. In the poststress period, we observed in all cases an increase in the CIC level in the blood of rabbits, which exceeded the CIC values both at the time of the stress reaction and the level of intact animals.

At present, laser technologies are widely used in animal husbandry. Laser therapy has been used not so long ago, but has already established itself as a highly effective method. Clinical and experimental studies carried out by scientists in the last decade confirm that laser exposure is an environmentally friendly, safe and painless way to treat internal and external pathologies. It stimulates the regeneration of cells and microvessels, improves the supply of oxygen to tissues and blood parameters, strengthens the immunity of animals. The aim of the work was to study the mechanisms of action of low-intensity laser radiation on dairy productivity and quality indicators of cattle milk in a state of physiological norm and under technological stress. The experiments were carried out at the Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry of the Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy and in the regional veterinary laboratory, and tests of the preventive effectiveness of LILI in the conditions of the pedigree farm of JSC "Rumyantsevskoe" in the Dal'nekonstantinovsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region. The objects of research were highly productive Holsteinized cows of the black-and-white breed of the second lactation (two weeks after calving). Using the method of analogs, 6 groups of cows were formed, six heads each. In experiment 1, group of animals was intact, groups 2,3,4,5,6 were exposed to technological stress: weighing, regrouping, changing the diet, conducting veterinary treatments, then 3,4,5,6 groups were irradiated with NILI. We studied the continuous effect of low-intensity laser radiation with a wavelength of 830 nm, with a total power of 90 mW on the ear and withers for 5 and 15 minutes. It was revealed that an increase in milk productivity, a positive effect on the quality of milk when exposed to low-intensity laser radiation for 15 minutes in the ear and 5 minutes in the withers. At the same time, milk productivity has also increased, and a positive effect on the quality of milk has been noted. We studied the continuous effect of low-intensity laser radiation with a wave-length of 830 nm, with a total power of 90 mW, the point of application were ear and withers, duration for 5 and 15 minutes. It was revealed an increase in milk productivity, a positive effect on the quality of milk when exposed to low-intensity laser radiation for 15 minutes at the ear and 5 minutes at the withers. At the same time, milk productivity has also increased, and a positive effect on the quality of milk has been noted.

The aim of the research work is to study a number of biochemical, hematological and immunomorphological indicators of strongy-loidosis in nutria. The number of lymphoid nodules was counted on intestinal macro- and micropreparations. Their syntopy and morphological features were studied in the invasive and control animals. All morphological structures were described in accordance with anatomical, immunological, and histological terminology. The results obtained were processed using variation statistics. Levenhuk ToupView software was used for all measurements, and Microsoft Office Excel, 2016 and BIOSTAT-8 were used for statistical data processing. Pathogenetic mechanisms of the intestinal immune system response to helminthic invasion were studied. Strongyloids of nutria with a low intensity of invasion do not have clinical markers . However, there were changes in some hematological parameters and syntopia of intestinal lymphoid tissue. In post-mortem studies, it was noted that the number of lymphoid nodules in the intestinal wall and grouped conglomerates increased in sick animals. There are changes in blood markers: there is a decrease in the total amount of protein (1.18 times) and hemoglobin (1.05 times). Other hematological parameters were close to normal. It was found that with low intensity of invasion, minor clinical manifestations are possible, with high intensity of invasion, multi-organ pathologies and death of infected animals are possible. Therefore, when purchasing new animals, both in private farms and in industrial farms, it is necessary to examine them for strongyloidosis, especially in the presence of hypoproteinemia and signs of anemia.

Respiratory diseases in pigs are widespread. They cause great economic damage to farms, it is summed up both from the culling and death of animals in different age periods, and from a decrease in weight gain against the background of chronic hypoxia. The incidence of non-specific bronchopneumonia in pigs in some farms can reach 80%. Violation of zoohygienic conditions of detention contributes to morbidity. The aim of the study was to study the state of some indicators of the innate and adaptive immune response in non - specific pneumonia in sick piglets and healthy piglets of different age groups-suckling piglets, piglets of rearing and fattening groups kept in a large pig complex. As a result of research, it was found that all piglets with bronchopneumonia have a violation of the protective mechanisms of the innate and adaptive immune links. During all periods of the study, impaired antibody synthesis was observed. The humoral mechanisms of innate immunity were significantly weakened. In our opinion, it is the defect of humoral innate mechanisms that can contribute to the occurrence and maintenance of the inflammatory process in the lungs.

The article presents the results of blood testing of cats with obstructive bronchitis for specific immunoglobulin E in order to confirm the allergic etiology of the disease. The study involved 16 animals, of which an increased level of specific IgE was detected in 12 animals, 1 cat had uncertaine result, and only 3 animals showed a level within the physiological norm. Comparing the obtained results with the data of allergic skin intradermal testing, it can be seen that the largest number of registered allergic reactions is associated with a high level of specific immunoglobulin E in the blood serum of animals, immunized by antigens, coming from the environment. That is, the antigens of house dust mites, especially mites of the genus Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus. Thus, the proportion of animals that had an allergic reaction to these ticks was 56.3 %. We observed slightly lower allergenicity for ticks of the genus Tugorhadis putrescentiae (37.5 %), Acarus siro (37.5%). Less than 7 % of allergic reactions were observed to antigens of herbs, in particular, meadow thymothy (phelum pretense), white Marion (Chenopodium album L.) and plantain major (Plantago major). There was no immunological reaction to plant components: hazel (Corylus), common wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris). The results obtained using enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) were highly common with the results obtained during intra-dermal allergen testing. We can conclude that determining the level of IgE immunoglobulin in the blood of cats with signs of OB is an objective diagnostic criterion for confirming the allergic nature of obstructive bronchitis in cats.

One of the approaches to the creation of biologically active additives in pig nutrition can be the use of phytopreparations, in particular, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-GE), which regulates protein metabolism in piglets. The aim of this work is to assess the effect of 20-GE on the metabolism of proteins in the body and to measure their turnover in growing boars. The experiment was carried out on boars (б Danish Yorkshire * $ Danish Landrace) from 60 to 120 days of age. At the age of 60 days, boars were divided into 2 groups: control and experimental, fed with feed with a content (g / kg) of crude protein 158.7, lysine 7.7, threonine 4.8, methionine 4.6, exchange energy (EE) 12.7 MJ / kg. The ratio of the first limiting amino acid lysine to EE was 61%. The boars of the experimental group were injected with 20-GE at a dose of 1.6 mg / kg of body weight. In boars of the experimental group, compared with the control, there was a decrease in urinary nitrogen excretion (by 26.8%, P<0.05). Nitrogen retention was higher in boars of the experimental group by 19.0% (P<0.001) compared to the control. The results of studies on protein turnover obtained using a stable isotope indicate that the anabolic effect of 20-GE is determined by an increase in the rate of protein synthesis at the same rates of their degradation, nitrogen flow against the background of a decrease in its endogenous losses. 20-GE by activating a signal through protein kinase B provides an increase in biosynthetic processes at the stage of translation. It was concluded that the use of 20-GE in boars cultivation increases the efficiency of using amino acids for the synthesis and deposition of proteins in the body.

The aim of the work was to determine some biochemical parameters, taking into account the sex of the outbred (conventional) rats in the norm, used at the experiment to determine the reference values. The experiments were carried out on 41 rats of 5-6 months age old., weighing 200-250 g, divided into two groups - males (n = 16) and females (n=25). Blood serum was obtained according to the generally accepted method. Blood serum was obtained according to standard methods. Biochemical parameters were analyzed on an IDEXX CatalystOne automated analyzer. Protein and carbohydrate metabolism were analyzed by the serum levels of total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), urea (Urea), creatinine (Creat), glucose (Glu), the enzyme spectrum - by alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT and AST), mineral metabolism - by calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chlorine (Cl), as well as bile pigment - by total bilirubin (T.bil). De Ritis coefficient (AST / ALT), globulin (Glob), albumin/globulin ratio (A / G) was revealed by the calculation method. The results were taken into account in two versions: 1 - according to all animals (16 males and 25 females); 2 - according to samples from the general population in three replicates. It was found that out of 17 biochemical parameters -15 are constant, due to the sex of the experimental animals. So, females showed higher indicators of protein and mineral metabolism, glucose, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, while in males this was recorded only in four cases - in the content of urea and aSt and in the ratios A / G, AST / ALT. Data on the content of creatinine and total bilirubin in the blood serum of rats were variable in nature and were close in value. Thus, the results of the studies carried out can be used in the future, for biochemical diagnostics of systematic metabolic changes during various manipulations.

The possibility of long-term storage of embryos at low temperatures made it possible to significantly reduce the cost, simplify and increase the efficiency of using the world's best genetic resources by importing and exporting not animals, but embryos, served as a prerequisite for the creation and preservation of the gene pool of rare and endangered breeds, and introduced a planning element to the work on transplantation. The article presents the results of research on the effectiveness of cryopreservation of embryos obtained in vitro using standard cryopreservation methods used for freezing embryos in vivo. Thawing of embryos was carried out in accordance with the tasks set: to determine the level of preservation of embryos in vitro during cryopreservation in ethylene glycol and glycerin. During cryopreservation, the stage of development and the quality of embryos were taken into account. According to the analysis of the obtained data, cryopreser-vation of embryos obtained in vitro using traditional methods significantly reduces the viability of embryos after thawing compared to in vivo embryos. Thus, when using glycerol as a cryoprotector, the safety of embryos in General was 54.2-68.0%, when using ethylene glycol 56.6-62.1%, while in vivo embryos, as practice shows, remain suitable for transplantation after thawing in 98-100% of cases. When using ethylene glycol, the safety of embryos of excellent quality was 56.9%, and good 55.5%. Late blastocysts were preserved in 53.5% of cases, and expanded blastocysts in 60.0 %. When using glycerol, the safety of embryos at the late blastocyst stage was 4.7 PP. higher in comparison with expanded blastocysts, and embryos of excellent quality showed preservation by 25.3 p. p. higher, compared with embryos of good quality.

Keratolysis - is corneal tissue damage with stroma meltdown, caused by combined exposure to toxins released by microorganisms and MMP[1,2]. Treatment of keratomalacia involves the use of antibiotics, inhibition of proteolysis, and prevention or elimination of anterior uveitis. Antibiotic treatment of equine cornea with keratolysis can lead to acquired antibiotic resistance and selective propagation of resistant bacteria [3, 4]. The objects of the study were 10 horses with keratolysis, located in Moscow, and the Moscow, regione horse stables. The horses were divided into 2 groups, consisting of five animals. First group of patients were given the traditional treatment protocol, second group of horses were given crosslinking. For diagnosis, we used a Heine binocular lamp, a Schwabe,s slit lamp, and a fluorescein. Analysis of the results of treatment of first group: healing active neovascularization, and a dense scar was formed, second group horses: healing epithelization and translucent opacity was formed of a of 5±1 mm size. First group treatment was 45±2 days, second group treatment was 21±2 days. Well, crosslinking in horse reduces the treatment time, provides healing by the epithelization with the conservation of corneal transparency behind to the antibacterial effect, inhibition of proteolysis, and compaction of its tissue.