A bacteriological study of milk samples from cows with clinical forms of mastitis from four livestock farms of different districts of the Leningrad regione, were conducted. During the bacteriological study of milk from cows with mastitis, we isolated 68 cultures of different types of microorganisms, which indicates the diversity of the microbial “paysage”. Among the isolated microflora, the dominant ones were staphylococci (including hemolytic), microorganisms of the genus Bacillus (including hemolytic), Enterobacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella). Streptococci (including hemolytic), Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated. The sensitivity of the isolated cultures of staphylococci to antibacterial drugs was determined by the disco-diffuse method. In order to select effective treatment agents in the dominant species of microorganisms, sensitivity to antibacterial drugs of different groups (aminoglycosides, amphenicols, macrolides, polypeptides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, and others) was studied. When determining the sensitivity, the best results were shown by antibiotics from the group of aminoglycosides (gentamicin), macrolides (azithromycin), amphenicols (levomycetin), fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin), cephalosporins (ceftiofur) – more than 50% of the studied cultures were sensitive to them. Lincomycin showed the worst results – all 9 studied cultures of staphylococci were resistant to this drug. When using antibiotics for the purpose of treatment in each individual case, it is necessary to check the sensitivity of crops isolated in the farm to antibacterial drugs. Unsystematic treatment with antibiotics is not only ineffective, but also causes significant damage, as antibiotic resistance develops.

In 2019, sero-immunological monitoring of inpatient dysfunctional livestock farms in the Middle Volga region was conducted to study the prevalence of respiratory gastrointestinal infections in cattle.

The most widespread damage to the livestock sector, the specialization of which is characterized by the breeding of cattle, is caused by systematic, seasonally occurring infectious diseases of viral and chlamydial etiology. Infectious pathological processes that cause violations of the reproductive function of bred animals and closely related subsequent stages of the disease (endometritis, mastitis), as well as lesions of various organ systems of infectious etiology in newborn livestock (diarrheal and respiratory syndromes) lead to huge economic losses.

In the surveyed farms, young animals of one month of age showed signs of rhinitis, mucopurulent discharge from the nose, diarrhea, liquid feces mixed with blood and mucus, as well as symptoms of conjunctival damage to the eyes. In pregnant cows, the disease was expressed by abortions at 7-9 months of pregnancy, retention of the afterbirth, endometritis and vaginitis.

Mass respiratory and intestinal diseases of young animals and pathology of the reproductive organs of cattle are widespread in farms and cause significant economic damage. As a rule, these diseases have mainly infectious etiology. Chlamydia, infectious rhinotracheitis (IRT), parainfluenza-3 (PG3), viral diarrhea (VD), etc. play a significant role in their occurrence. Often these pathogens act in combination.

In this regard, there is always an urgent problem of sero-immunological monitoring of these infections, which in the conditions of intensive forms of production have become widespread in the region with the constant movement of animals from one farm to another, the formation of new groups that are not always homogeneous in age and immune status.

Epizootic features, clinical signs, and pathoanatomical changes of these diseases have common similarities that do not allow for their strict differentiation.

An important stage in the control and eradication of these forms of pathologies is laboratory diagnostics, by isolating infectious agents from pathological materials and detecting antibodies in the blood sera of infected and ill animals, both by traditional methods and modern diagnostic immunoassay methods.

Bacterial diseases with an aerogenic path of spread remain the main difficult problem for many poultry farms. Modern rates of technological development in poultry farming, in turn, can lead to various disorders on the part of the bird's body. In addition, under the influence of external factors and the macro organism itself, changes in pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms occur. In particular, the acquisition of their resistance to the action of drugs, changes in their virulent properties lead to the fact that in the body of birds they show a course of disease that is not characteristic of them, sometimes cause an atypical course. Together, all these factors make it difficult to make a diagnosis, which in turn leads to incorrect or not timely treatment.

The aim of our research was to determine the spectrum of pathogens circulating in poultry farms that cause respiratory diseases of birds. We have identified the most common pathogens of these diseases, and their isolation from various biological materials was of particular interest. Samples of samples from different poultry farms from clinically ill birds, fallen birds, as well as birds that do not have clinical manifestations of the disease were examined in case of detection of bacteriocarriage. The studies were conducted using standard methods used in bacteriology, as well as molecular genetic diagnostic methods. This approach to the use of different diagnostic methods allows us to determine the most effective, fast and accurate methods for identifying bacterial pathogens of respiratory diseases in birds.

Rabies is a particularly dangerous disease of mammals and humans, characterized by damage to the central nervous system, caused by viruses of the genus Lyssavirus of the family Rhabdoviridae. Almost 59,000 people die from rabies worldwide annually. Monitoring and forecasting an epizootic situation, as well as timely and effective preventive measures, is of great importance in the control of rabies infection. A convenient tool for solving problems of forecasting and risk assessment is mathematical modeling, which allows predicting the course and outcome of the disease at various levels: from molecular to biogeocenotic.

This review presents examples of the use of mathematical models for solving various problems of rabies prevention, including modeling the epizootic process in individual regions, taking into account the influence of various preventive measures on the spread of rabies infection; assessment of the economic efficiency of vaccination programs and the formation of an optimal set of measures for the prevention of rabies.

A relatively new direction is the application of the Bayesian approach in phylogenetic analysis for a deeper understanding of the evolution of the genome and characteristics of the virus, as well as the population dynamics of the pathogen.

Mathematical models are also becoming an auxiliary tool in the development of rabies vaccines in identifying potential targets for new vaccines and determining the effect of different storage conditions on the retention period of the required antigenicity of vaccines.

Thus, the use of mathematical approaches in epizootiology and biotechnology can significantly increase the effectiveness of measures for the prevention of rabies infection.

Currently, diagnostics of infected animals is carried out by several methods: immunodiffusion reaction (RID), enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), hematological, clinical, pathomorphological studies and bioassays. The effectiveness of antiepizootic measures carried out in the region's farms is in direct proportion to the volume and scale, on which the epizootic situation of leukemia depends. The article describes anti-epizootic measures carried out among beef and dairy cattle in the farms of the region. Based on the results of serological studies for 2019, a map-scheme was compiled, which reflects all the territories where animals infected with the leukemia virus, patients with leukemia and disadvantaged points were identified. The map clearly shows the spread of leukemia separately by administrative districts and in the whole region. The epizootic situation of bovine leukemia on the territory of the Smolensk region among livestock in farms of all forms of ownership was determined.

To determine the epizootic situation, a full analysis of veterinary and laboratory reports for 2019 and previous years was carried out. In comparison, we used the results of research and a schematic map for 2016.

The work carried out helped to study and compare the epizootic situation, the development of the epizootic process, the effectiveness of previous and current measures, to study the experience of improving the health of disadvantaged areas, to establish the causes of repeated infection of livestock leukemia in previously healthy farms.

The analysis of the epizootic situation and anti-epizootic measures for bovine leukemia in the Smolensk region was carried out in order to study the epizootic process and to properly organize work on improving farms from leukemia.

The Far Eastern region has a large area with hunting resources, in which natural foci of trichinosis circulate, and complex natural and geographical characteristics, which affects the delivery of carcasses of wild animals to laboratories by hunters. It is known that foci of natural trichinosis are constantly circulating directly in the Amur region, so the question of determining the most infected muscles in different species of wild animals and making appropriate recommendations for the selection of certain parts with muscle tissue for hunters remains relevant. To study this issue, the goal of our study was set - to determine the muscles with the highest intensity of invasion by Trichinella larvae in different species of wild animals.

The material of the study was the muscle tissue of 16 skeletal muscles of wild animals spontaneously infected with Trichinella larvae. Identification of Trichinella larvae was carried out by the method of compressor trichinelloscopy, according to MUK 4.2.2747-10 "Methods of sanitary and parasitological examination of meat and meat products." From each test muscle, 1 g of muscle tissue was taken and weighed for study.

Studies were carried out to study the invasion of the main muscle groups in five species of spontaneously infected wild animals inhabiting the territory of the amur region. According to the results of the studies carried out in ordinary foxes, the highest rates of invasion intensity were noted in the cranial tibial muscle, the tongue muscle, the superficial flexor of the fingers. In badgers, the most invasive were the hyoid muscle, masseter muscles and muscles of the tongue, in the lynx - the hyoid muscle, masseter muscles, muscles of the tongue and the medial vastus femoris, in the wolf - the maxillary-hyoid muscle, cranial tibial muscle and superficial flexor of the fingers, in the raccoon dog - the hyoid muscle and the superficial flexor of the fingers. For diagnostics, hunters are advised to select the indicated muscle groups for the corresponding species of wild animals on the territory of the Amur region.

This article intends to identify the dissemination of dirofilariasis in urban conditions of Yerevan. The study was targeted at dogs kept by city residents. The causative agent was found to be Dirofilaria immitis in 100% of cases, with the mean prevalence as much as 26.9%. Most of the dogs with dirofilariasis were between 5 and 8 years old. Only one type of the infectious agent, D. immitis, was identified in the domestic dogs under study living in Yerevan, as well as in the households of Ararat, Armavir and Shirak provinces of the Republic of Armenia. Dirofilaria infection in dogs was detected using two methods. The presence of microfilariae was determined in direct blood smears using Knott’s method, yet the most stable result was obtained using Canine Heartworm enzyme-linked immunoassay Ag test kit. As determined earlier, due to the veterinary preventive and curative measures taken the prevalence of infection among service dogs decreased from 29.6 % to 3.6 % in the households of Ararat province. It has been identified that the most infestation with dirofilaria is observed in male dogs. A number of factors contribute to the spread of the infection: a large number of dogs, including stray ones, an abundance of mosquito breeding sites, and favorable temperature conditions. A pest spot of dirofilariasis has been identified in the Republic of Armenia, both in the wild and in urbanized areas. Thus, domesticated and stray animals serve as a reservoir of infection in the urban population of domestic dogs in Yerevan.

Herein we present a study on effectiveness of Levofloxacin in experimental colibacillosis of laboratory animals and chickens. The experiments were conducted in vivarium settings. In the course of the experiments we evaluated effectiveness of Levofloxacin administered in drinking water at different concentrations for treating laboratory animals and chickens which had been experimentally infected with Escherichia coli. For the first experiment white mice were divided into 7 groups, 40 per group. We began treat ing the mice with the antimicrobial at concentrations 300 mg, 200 mg, 100 mg, 50 mg and 25 mg Levofloxacin per l in drinking water in every group respectively 24 hours before the challenge with Escherichia coli in suspension at a dose of 1.5 x 10^7 CFUs. Levofloxacin was administered for 5 days. Analysing the outcome of the first experiment we concluded that satisfactory result was only achieved in the group of mice which had been prescribed Levofloxacin in drinking water at a concentration of 300 mg/ L for 5 days. The survival rate for this group was 65%. For those groups receiving Levofloxacin in drinking water at concentrations of 200 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 50 mg/L and 25 mg/L the desired effect was not achieved. For the second experiment we divided day-old Hisex Brown chicks into 7 groups (25 chickens per group). They began receiving Levofloxacin one day before the challenge with Escherichia coli in suspension at a dose of 3 x 10^8 CFUs. Group 1 received Levofloxacin in drinking water at a concentration of 25 mg/L for 5 days, Group 2 – 50 mg/L, Group 3 – 100 mg/L, Group 4 – 200 mg/L and Group 5 – 300 mg/L. Our research demonstrated that Levofloxacin, when administered in drinking water to challenged chickens at concentrations of 100 mg/L, 200 mg/L and 300 mg/L, has high therapeutic effectiveness (96%). Groups that received Levofloxacin at concentrations of 25 mg/L and 50 mg/L showed worse results. Thus, the survival rates were 64% and 80% respectively. The mortality rate in the control group was 84%.

Capillaries - parasitic nematodes of small size, filamentous shape, parasitic in all classes of vertebrates. The most commonly recorded capillariae species in diurnal birds of prey are Eucoleusdispar, a synonym of Capillariacontorta. The distribution of capillariid nematodes among birds of prey kept in captivity was studied in the Central Region of Russia. According to the results of the study, the total extent of invasion was 59.6%. (390 out of 654 individuals were invaded). Based on the results obtained, four equivalent groups of birds were formed for further study of the effectiveness of therapy, based on the use of ivermectin and levamizole at different doses, recommended by various authors. In all four groups, there were no clinical manifestation of the disease and during physical examination, the birds corresponded to conditionally clinically healthy birds, similar in appearance, age, and sex. Macrocyclic lactone-ivermectin, used intramuscularly once, has a pronounced therapeutic effect in capillariasis of birds of prey. The efficacy in two experimental groups that received 1 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg, respectively, was 100%, which was confirmed by repeated coprological studies, conducted on the 7th and 14th day after the drug was used. At the same time, we did not observe any side effects after use, which is the basis for the recommendation of ivermectin as the drug of choice for capillariasis of birds of prey. Levamizole, used at a dose of 40 mg/kg in the third experimental group of birds, also showed high therapeutic efficacy, but after application we encountered a number of side effects. Levamizole, used at a dose of 20 mg/kg, showed relatively low therapeutic efficacy.

In order to study the effect of the feed additive "Evitalia-Vet" on the morphophysiological and biochemical parameters of the blood of dogs, often suffering from gastrointestinal diseases of non-infectious etiology, three groups of 10 animals were formed according to the principle of analogues. The animals of the first group in the complex to the therapeutic diet, which included rice, turkey, and Royal Canin Gastro Intestinal feed, were supplemented with Evitalia-Vet feed additive at a dose of 1 tablet per head for 14 days. The animals of the second group were prescribed only a therapeutic diet. The third group was the control group. Blood was taken before the start of the study and on the 14th day of treatment (in the absence of deterioration in the general condition). In the course of the studies, most of the morphophysiological parameters of the blood of sick animals on the first day of the experiment did not significantly differ from those of the control group, with the exception of the number of erythrocytes. As a result of studying the morphophysiological parameters of the blood of animals, the earliest normalization of the parameters of "red" blood (erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit) was established due to the normalization of metabolic processes and a decrease in intoxication. The concentration of erythrocytes by the end of the experiment in the 1st group decreased by 19.09%, hemoglobin by 19.4%, hematocrit by 6.55% in relation to the first day of the experiment. According to the results of the study of blood biochemical parameters on the 14th day of the experiment in dogs of the 1st experimental group, the concentration of total protein statistically decreased by 6.73% compared with the initial values, urea by 30.48%, creatinine by 30.49%, alkaline phosphatase by 31.77%. As a result of the treatment of sick animals, it was noted that in dogs that were given the feed additive "Evitalia-Vet" in the complex, the signs of dysbacteriosis stopped on the 3- 5th day of therapy, which confirmed an improvement in the general condition of the animals

In this study, a comparative analysis of the therapeutic effect of a complex medicinal herbal drug based on extracts from thinleaved killer whale and “Cystone”TM in combination with drotaverine hydrochloride in oxalate nephrolithiasis in rats was carried out. For 45 days, the animals were fed 0.75% ethylene glycol with a 2% solution of ammonium chloride using a gastric tube. 45 days after the administration of these drugs, to confirm the development of urolithiasis in some animals, blood samples (from the posterior vena cava) and urine (metabolic cells, 12 hours) were taken for biochemical analysis with the determination of the following parameters: urea, creatine, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, AlT, AsT, ALP, CHO, BUN, CRE, GGT (automatic analyzer XL Erba Lachemab), general urine analysis with the determination of leukocytes, ketones, nitrites, urobilinogen, bilirubin, protein, glucose, density, blood, pH (on the CL-50 – HT urinary analyzer). Ultrasound examination of the kidneys of rats on the model of oxalate nephrolithiasis did not reveal visible conglomerates, which did not allow this method to diagnose the development of ICD in rats. The most positive pharmacodynamic effect on urodynamics and urine parameters was demonstrated by the drugs used in a complex for the 2nd group of animals-dietary supplements “Nephromon” + drotaverine, probably due to their rapid nephroprotective and antispasmodic effects. The combined use of the drugs “No-shpa”TM (drotaverine hydrochloride) and “Cystone”TM, dietary supplement “Nephromon-Plus” in two different groups of laboratory rats showed a therapeutic effect. Against the background of the therapy, the animals normalized the clinical parameters of nephrolithiasis: blood and urine tests.

For more than 60 years, the abnormal toxicity test has been used to control the quality of medical and veterinary drugs and its main purpose is to detect the toxicity of drugs obtained from substances of biological origin that exceeds the previously established permissible level, controlled by increased mortality or by unexpected (unregulated) phenomena of animal intoxication. This test allows you to determine the abnormal or increased toxicity of medicines, which occurs due to the appearance of undesirable impurities or decomposition products when changing the production process that is not provided for in the production, transportation or storage regulations.

The purpose of this research was to develop a method for quality control of the substance L-aspartic acid. Studies on the indicator "Abnormal toxicity" were conducted in accordance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation XIV, section " Abnormal toxicity».

In the effective management of poultry, it is necessary to take into account such fundamental components as the technology of growing poultry, the cross used and, most importantly, feeding. Strict observation of technological standards and rules of poultry farming allows getting maximum productivity with minimal labor and money expenditure. The zootechnical service of the poultry farm is obliged to ensure the full-value and balanceness of compound feeds, and if necessary the introduction of various feed additives for preventive purposes that do not reduce the nutritional value of the diet. The veterinary service is designed to support fast -growing poultry and timely respond to the negative processes that occur in their bodies. At present, the introduction of adsorbents of mycotoxins into mixed feeds for prophylactic purposes is a prerequisite for growing a conditioned broiler that meets the standards of the cross. Timely control over the physiological parameters of poultry and prompt correction of pathological changes will ensure high safety of the livestock and increase the gross meat production at industrial complexes. In the conditions of JSC "Poultry farm" Gorodok ", in order to prevent mycotoxicosis, we have introduced into production zeolite-containing feed additives enriched with a prebiotic (" Vami-Lactulose ") and an acidifier ("Kiskad") at a dose of 2.0%. At the end of the technological period of growing in order to monitor the physiological state of the poultry we studied the haematological indices of Ross-308 cross broiler chickens. It has been established that the introduction of zeolite-containing additives contributes to an increase the concentration of haemoglobin in the young poultry blood – by 1.0-3.4 %, bactericidal blood activity (BBA) – by 4.6-5.2 p.p.%, lysozyme activity – by 2.7-2.8 %. In the blood of poultry of all groups the phagocytic index and the phagocytic number have no significant differences.

At the modern market phytobiotics are widely used. Regulatory legal acts do not restrict the registration status of phytobiotics in any way, there are two registration status - a feed additive and a drug, thus the legal requirements, as well as the development tests for their release are different. When developing a phytobiotic, it is necessary to clearly understand the purpose of its use. According to Rosselkhoznadzor, the VetIS component "Irena" is used to automate the registration process of medicines and feed additives for veterinary use. For a phytobiotic feed additive, the selection of ingredients should be based on such parametres as digestibility and bioavailability. For the choice of the destination mode, the economic benefit should also be as priority. It is rational to use a feed additive at the form of powder or granules, since they are convenient to dose and apply on large poultry complexes. At the same time, the bioavailability of liquid forms for enteral use is higher, but their digestibility on a large poultry population may not be 100 %,and liquid forms are known to have a shorter shelf life, but they are well applicable in a private farms on a small poultry population. Based on the results of the analysis of the regulatory framework for the development of the phytobiotic "Phytogalinarum" for laying hens, the research direction for the development of feed additives for veterinary use was chosen. "FitoGalinarum" is designed to enrich the poultry diet with vitamins, organic acids and dyes (flavonoids) to increase the weight gain of poultry and egg weight. The aim of the study is to compare the indicators of the digestibility and bioavailability of the ingredients of the feed additive "FitoGalinarum" as they are prescribed in liquid and solid enteral forms. According to the results of an experiment conducted in a private poultry farm on laying hens of the Bielefelder breed, a conclusion was made about the higher digestibility and bioavailability of the ingredients-Cinnamon rosehip fruits and Peppermint leaves at the form of powder together with feed, rather than infusion for drinking.

The aim of the study is to test preparations containing the species-specific interferon "Recombinant porcine interferon" and the species-specific interferon with enrofloxacin "Enrofloxaferon-S" produced by OOO NPTs BelAgroGen for the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases in piglets in the conditions of technological maintenance.

The experiment was carried out at the Vostochny pig breeding complex LLC, the Republic of Udmurtia. The animals were kept in the same zoohygienic conditions, had the same feeding ration, according to age and feeding technology. For feeding animals, a compound feed that does not contain antibacterial components is used. During the experiment, two experimental and control groups of piglets were formed at the age of 129 - 144 days, average weight 50 - 63 kg, according to the principle of analogues. When setting up the experiment, the groups were formed from animals with signs of diseases of the respiratory system. After 5 days of the experiment, a blood test was carried out for a number of indicators - biochemical, immunological, hormonal.

Analysis of clinical indicators shows that piglets receiving IRS and enrofloxaferon-C stabilized by the seventh and sixth days of the experiment, respectively.

As a result of the use of drugs, fat and protein metabolism has increased, which is confirmed by an increase in the level of cholesterol, urea, there is a significant load on the hepatobiliary system of the liver.

There is a decrease in the level of total protein, an increase in the albumin fraction and a decrease in globulins. Similar results indicate profound immunosuppression in the development of diseases of the respiratory system.

Analyzing hormonal indicators, we observe a decrease in the level of TSH, the level of T4 is growing simultaneously and actively, the level of T3 remains stable. This picture characterizes the activation of the functions of the pituitary gland, the thyroid gland, the activation of metabolic processes, the work of the liver, and increased protein metabolism.

Based on the results of the experiment, we recommend using the interferon preparations "Porcine interferon recombinant" and "Enrofloxaferon-S" for the treatment of piglets with respiratory diseases, since they provide the most optimal data on the level of the studied parameters.

The aim of the work was to study the dynamics, indicators of phagocytic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils of horses during deworming with a drug from the group of macrocyclic lactones against the background of the use of a new domestic probiotic "Bioxymin horse". In all animals participating in the experiment, a decrease in natural resistance was found, characterized by a decrease in the ability of blood neutrophils to absorb foreign material. In the group of horses that served as an indicator of invasion, fluctuations in the parameters of the phagocytic index and phagocytic activity were noted, the PI on the 7th day of the experiment increased from 5.9 bw. to 8.4 m.t., then a slow decline and by the 45th day the PI is equal to 6.8 m.t., while by the seventh day of the experiment, the FA decreases from 44.0% to 40.8%, by the 15th day a sharp rise in values to 51.0%, by the 45th day the growth continued to 52.0%. The absorption capacity changed cyclically. We associate such dynamics with a change in the intensity of invasion over the course of the experiment and the emerging allergic (sensibilizing) reaction of the horse's body. In the horses of the experimental groups, on the 7th day of the experiment, an increase in phagocytic activity was noted by 15.4% and 35.8%, respectively, according to groups, the revealed difference was statistically significant (p˂0.05). Obviously, this indicates the activation of the cellular defense link under the influence of the probiotic preparation. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that helminthic invasion and the use of anthelmintics from the group of macrocyclic lactones without additional immunostimulants have a depressive effect on the cellular link of natural immunity. The probiotic preparation Bioxymin horse has a positive effect on the horse's cellular immunity.

Russian aquaculture, as a developing industry, is currently faced with many problems, including the problem of massive water pollution by industrial waste, as well as by fish waste from commercial farms. In both cases, not only the environment suffers, but also the very products of the farm - fish that absorb toxins.

The study was carried out at the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, St. The matrix was sorbents and a plant phytobiotic complex consisting of thyme herb, elecampane roots and rhizomes, chamomile flowers and wormwood herb, as well as Sangrovit (Germany) and Enterol (France). For the study, fish of the species Guppy (Poesilia reticulata Peters) were used as an object of biotesting. The strongest effect was the addition of a phytosorption complex (FSC) with enterol, the difference was 0.05 mmol / L over 3 weeks. FSK and Sangrovit showed a decrease in water hardness by 0.04 mmol / l. The data obtained allow us to propose a preparation for use in aquariums, as a reduction in water hardness. The addition of Sangrovit and the phytobiotic complex to the feed allows maintaining the pH at the same level, which is associated with the presence of organic acids in these compounds.

The addition of FSC containing enterol can slow down the growth of nitrite in the aquarium under adverse conditions. After the abolition of a large amount of feed and the transition to adequate nutrition, the concentration of nitrites decreased to the initial value of 0.05 mg / l, which means that the FGCs themselves in the long term do not affect the increase in nitrites in the water, while, at higher values, they help to minimize the toxicological effects of these substances.

An increase in the number of livestock no longer brings those economic dividends, on the contrary, there is an economic recession. Agricultural specialists, veterinarians are intensively engaged in this issue, looking for options to reduce economic losses. The research and production experiment was carried out in the collective farm "Leninsky Put Kolkhoz" in the Pushkinogorsk district of the Pskov region, which has a dairy direction. The aim of the study was to study the effect of the phytosorption complex on the immunological parameters of pregnant cows and newborn calves. For the experiment, two groups of pregnant cows were created, 20 heads each. The animals were selected according to the principle of similarity, taking into account the weight of the animals, productivity and lactation number. The cows of the control group received a standard diet, the animals of the experimental group were additionally injected with a phytobiotic complex at a dose of 60 g / head. The phytobiotic complex was introduced into the diet 60 days before calving. The drug was prescribed according to the scheme: 14 consecutive days, with a two week break. During the experiment, indices of natural resistance and indices of humoral immunity were studied in the blood and colostrum of experimental cows. Having received colostrum of better immunological quality, we found that the calves of the experimental group had a higher humoral immunity. So the increase in immunoglobulins G, A, M, compared with the control group was 41,1; 25,41 and 32.95%. Indicators of BASK, LASK and Phagocytic activity of blood serum also increased by 1.5; 14.28, 6.5% compared with the control. By receiving the phytosorption complex, the experimental cows were able to maintain their immunological status at a high level.

In this assay we studied the antibacterial activity of substituted diazenoxides in connection to gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It was found that some of the compounds studied have a moderate antimicrobial effect in relation to both gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms. The antimicrobial effect of the compounds increases when electron-withdrawing substituents are introduced into the structure of the compounds.

As the results of the experiment showed, all the studied diazenoxides derivatives have a weak antimicrobial effect. Suppression of the growth of most test cultures by the studied drugs were exhibited only at the maximum of the tested concentrations (1000 mcg/ml).

At the same time, it was interesting to determine whether the presence of an electron – acceptor substituent - a nitro group in the diazenoxide molecule, is essential for providing antimicrobial action. To answer this question, to the series of tested drugs were implemented the compound 4, which has five halogen atoms in its structure and does not have a nitro group in the molecule. Comparing the antimicrobial action of compounds 4 and 5, we can clearly conclude that the presence in the structure of diazenoxide of the NO2 group,a substituent with pronounced electron-acceptor properties, is especially important for the manifestation of the drug antimicrobial action. It is predictable that the introduction of substituents with pronounced electronegative properties into the molecule, provides a more intensive generation of NO in the process of drug metabolism, that is, a more active generation of AFK that provide antimicrobial action.It should be underlined that the antimicrobial effect does not depend on whether the tested culture is Gram-positive or gramnegative.Thus, diazenoxide derivatives can be considered as promising drugs, the effectiveness of which can be increased through successive chemical modification by the introduction of certain functional groups.

The participation of the hypothalamichypophysial neurosecretory system (HHNS) in fish reproduction using light, electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry was established by ecologo-histophysiological studies for the first time in the world literature. At the beginning of passing fish migrations a violation of the HHNS basic osmoregulative function, causing habitat change is revealed. Simultaneously the HHNS causes the neurotropic effect on CNS arousal in the form of a dominant state of "migration impulse." At the beginning of spawning, HHNS also initiates spawning behavior and completes it by participating in the body's protective-adaptive reactions to natural physiological stress. The functional role of the HHNS in fish reproduction is to initiate energyintensive (reproductive) processes of migratory and spawning behaviors and to complete spawning by suppressing the hyperactivity of target glands, which ensures the body's transition to energy-saving plastic exchange. The analysis of the key role of the HHNS in the integration of fish reproduction by the self-regulation principle has allowed the development of a constructive working scheme. New biotech methods of managing breeding time, rates of survival and growth of valuable fish species were developed on this basis. They are presented in the form of 10 inventions. To stimulate sex maturation, drugs of isolated anterior and posterior pituitary lobes were developed and introduced in sturgeon industry, increasing the extent of their fish-breeding use by 15% and saving the pituitary up to 40%. To delay puberty, a method of industrial fish breeders reservation in the critical salinity habitat of 4-8‰, both in seawater and in table salt solutions has been developed. On this basis, a fullsystem method of sturgeon and salmon fish populations reproduction, covering all stages of farm biotechnology has been developed. It is carried out by mass breeders reservation in sea cages, obtaining there offspring and, after the river fish-farm growing youngs to their readiness for migration, the final cultivation them in sea cages gardens till large life-resistant youngs. For the implementation of the proposed industrial biotechnology and year-round fish farming a new installation of recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) hatcheries and farms was developed by means of the off-season underground conditioning of fish cultivation habitat and by the principle of natural-industrial engineering ecology. Due to the general aim ‒ increasing the efficiency biotechnology of reproduction and logical relationships, all developments are integrated into the system of biotech management of fish population reproduction.

Fish is a very valuable food product for humans, and its role in the diet is constantly growing. Sea fish comes to the Russian market, mainly frozen at a temperature of -12- 18°C. The current regulatory documents set the parameters and storage periods for frozen fish, microbiological standards for its safety, the excess of which indicates the need to improve the hygiene of the production process and its control. It was found that frozen fish imported into the Belgorod region, where MAFanM was found in an amount of 102 CFU/g at a temperature (30 ±1°C), was contaminated with psychrotrophic microorganisms 1.4-1.8 times more (p˂0.05). Samples with the number of mesophilic microorganisms from 103 to 104 CFU/g were contaminated with psychrotrophic microflora, which was 1.7-6.8 times (p˂0.05) higher than the number of mesophilic bacteria. In addition, with such a number of mesophilic microorganisms, fish samples with the number of psychrotrophils exceeding 105 CFU/g were recorded. Frozen fish samples that met the standards for the amount of MAFanM (5×104 CFU/g), mainly in terms of the amount of psychrotrophic microflora did not correspond to this indicator, but exceeded it by 2 times. When seeding with psychrotrophic microflora, 20.0±0.4% of the fish samples were within the values found for mesophilic bacteria. At the same time, 40.0±0.7% of fish samples had the amount of psychrotrophic microflora two orders of magnitude higher than that of fish samples contaminated with MAFanM and 20.0±0.3% of fish samples were three and four orders of magnitude higher, respectively. The results of studies of imported frozen fish indicate that the amount of psychrotrophic microflora isolated from fish does not correspond to the amount of MAFanM. Psychrotrophic bacteria quantitatively exceed MAFnM by several orders of magnitude and their number does not depend on the amount of mesophilic microflora.

In connection with the growth of the genetic potential of productivity and the extension of the use of chickens in egg poultry farming, as well as with the high growth rates of broilers with a reduction in the duration of their breeding, the problem of violations in the mineral nutrition of poultry has become aggravated. This is expressed in weak bones in chickens, curvature of the breastbone in layers, poor plumage, decreased hatching due to poor ossification of the beak, bone fractures during catching and transportation of poultry, decreased fertilization of eggs, deterioration of the shell quality, etc. This is facilitated by the use of cheaper sources of macro- and microelements in the formulation of feed and premixes, as well as often unreasonably overestimated correction of the level of calcium, phosphorus, vitamins and microelements due to nutrient matrices for enzyme preparations, premixes and other additives.

The article draws attention to the need to include calcium sources with a particle size of 0.5-0.8 mm (40-50%) and a particle size of 2-5 mm (50-60%) in mixed feed for chickens, so that during the formation egg shells to ensure an even flow of calcium into the uterus. A method for determining the solubility of calcium sources is presented, which will allow you to control this indicator and correctly select mineral raw materials. It is noted that often the reason for the deterioration of mineral metabolism is the incorrect regulation of phosphorus due to phytases with overestimated nutrient matrices. Provides normative data on the content of calcium and phosphorus in bones and their actual values. Recommendations for the prevention of mineral disorders in poultry are given.

Environmental safety requirements for poultry products stimulate specialists to search for effective biologically active substances that do not adversely affect poultry health and their productivity. For this purpose, an assessment of the effect of an enterosorbent based on polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate (PMS PG) on the blood biochemical parameters of highsex brown cross chickens during pre-incubation processing of eggs and its use during early postembryonic development of chickens was carried out. According to the experimental scheme, the experimental group of eggs was treated for 30 seconds with a 0.01% suspension of an aerosol of PMS PG for 30 seconds before being placed in the incubator. After hatching, 4 groups were formed: 1 and 2 groups - from eggs treated with PMS PG, 3 and 4 - from control eggs. 2 and 3 groups of chickens within 30 days 2 hours after the evening feeding received with water 0.01% suspension of PMS PG. In 30-day-old chickens, blood samples were obtained from the axillary vein and the analysis of serum biochemical parameters was carried out using a Mindray BA-88A semi-automatic biochemical analyzer. As a result, it was found that in chickens hatched from eggs treated with PMS PG, the protein coefficient is significantly higher, the concentration of uric acid, triglycerides and enzyme activity are lower. In chickens hatched from treated eggs and received PMS PG, the level of total protein and glucose is higher than in other groups by 1.45-9.03% and 7.14-8.11%. The group of chickens that received a suspension of PMS PG after hatching had a higher content of albumin, magnesium and a lower level of cholesterol compared to other groups. Thus, as a result of pre-incubation processing of eggs, subsequent introduction or drinking of 0.01% suspension of PMS PG, its stimulating effect on the protein-synthetic function of the liver, the formation of albumin, the active involvement of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol and minerals in metabolic processes, excretion of intermediate metabolites, a decrease in the activity of marker enzymes in the blood.

The study of the distribution of T-2 toxin in the Republic of Tatarstan is presented. T2 toxin is known to be harmful to the body even in low concentrations. The Republic of Tatarstan, due to the type of climate and humidity, creates comfortable conditions for the spread of fungi producing T-2 toxin.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the contamination of feed in the Republic of Tatarstan based on modeling the situation from randomly selected types of samples in the period 2017-2019. A study of 1191 samples of various feeds (corn, wheat, barley, oats, mixed feed) from various regions (central, western, northern, southern and eastern parts) was carried out. The main aspects of our study were: the study of the distribution of T-2 toxin relative to geographical location (north, south, west, east and central), type of food and time period. The identification of the T-2 toxin was performed by an indirect, competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

The presence of T-2 toxin was established in 427 samples, which corresponds to 35.8% of the total number of samples, of which 243 samples contained a dangerous concentration for young farm animals (> 50 μg / kg), which is 56.9% of the total positive samples and 20.4% of the total number of samples. In 134 samples of T-2, the toxin was found in a concentration exceeding the maximum permissible (100 μg / kg), which is 11.2% of the total number of samples and 31.6% of positive samples. Corn was the most contaminated sample, T-2 toxin was detected in 122 samples (49.6%). Higher concentrations of T-2 toxin were found in the western part of the Republic of Tatarstan, but at the same time, samples from the southern part of the Republic of Tatarstan have the highest percentage of T-2 toxin contamination - 43.6% of the samples. In the context of data by quarters of the year, the occurrence of T-2 toxin fluctuated at the level of 31- 44%.

Intense pollution of continental waters, which began in the second half of the 20th century, led to the degradation of many fishery reservoirs and gave rise to the problem of assessing water quality. Biological methods - bioindication and biotesting - are of particular importance in assessing water quality. Currently, among bioindicator organisms, especially in foreign countries, bivalve molluscs are widely used, the number of which in water bodies is decreasing, which is associated with the impact of pollutants and eutrophication. The article is devoted to the problem of assessing the water quality of fisheries reservoirs. As a bioindicator organism, the widespread bivalve mollusk sem. was used. Unionidae. Our studies on various reservoirs and water areas with different levels of pollution have shown that the effect of pollutants is clearly manifested on the state of the digestive gland of the mollusk of this family at the micro level. The analysis of numerous materials of histological studies of the gland allows us to distinguish the normal state of the gland at the micro level and to assess the pathological changes in it.

As a result of the study, for the first time, three degrees of pronounced pathological process were distinguished: 1 – light damage, 2-moderate damage, 3-heavy damage. Further studies allow us to concretize the degree of damage with the level of pollution of the shellfish habitat. As a result of the studies carried out, three stages of the pathological process in mollusks of the family were first identified. Unionidae: light, medium and heavy. The results obtained will help in assessing the toxicity of waters based on the data of the state of the digestive gland. Also, the results obtained will help to quantify the processing of histological data.

The article is devoted to the investigation of the effect of two drugs from the groups of:immunomodulators - a synthetic dipeptide (drug RV-2) and biocomposition materials (drug RVI) on metabolic processes (protein, nitrogenous, carbohydrate metabolism) of laboratory rats with fractures of tubular bones.

The paper presents data on the nature of laboratory animals (rats) body repair after trauma, accompanied by a significant increase in the level of biochemical indicators of the bloode (total protein, albumin, globulins, urea, creatinine, glucose, a change in the albumin-globulin ratio).

The most pronounced (tangible) changes were recorded on the 7th, 21st and 45th days of the post surgery period, which essentially correlates in time with the phases of fracture healing. Along with this, it was found that such fluctuations in biochemical parameters, changes depend not only on the stages of the osteoreparative process, but also on the type of drugs, methods and schemes of their use. This statement was confirmed in experiment on five groups of experimental animals compared with the control ones when using the RVI and RV-2 preparations in various variants - separately or in combination, as well as using only one immunomodulator, depending on the time - in the first five days or on the fifth day of post surgery period.

It was shown that the combined use of the biocomposite together with immunocorrection drug during the first five days after the operation was the most effective. Such scheme makes it possible to reduce the primary inflammatory load in the affected tissues to a significant extent, to provide osteoregeneration and restoration of the motor activity of the muscles of animals.

This paper presents the results of studies on the dynamics of metabolic processes (on 30 heads of outbred white rats), reflecting the enzymatic and mineral metabolism on the background of fracture of the femur and the use of a biocomposite material ( based on synthetic hydroxyapatite with the addition of collagen and an antibiotic (RVI preparation) together with immunocorrection by immunotropic preparation RV-2 ( the group of synthetic dipeptides).It was shown that injuries negatively affect metabolic processes not only at the local, but also at the general level of the body. A direct relationship between the biochemical parameters of blood with the stages of osteoreparation, the type of drugs, methods and schemes of their use were noted.It was found that the use of RVI and RV2 preparations significantly reduced the negative effect of trauma on enzyme and mineral metabolism in animals. To the greatest extent, it was recorded with their combined use: the first of them - immediately during the surgery operation against the background of the subsequent five-day course of immunocorrection. The data obtained can be used for the development of new methods and techniques for treatment of fractured. bone It is noted that the results obtained should be considered as indicative, reflecting only quantitative changes in the biochemical composition in blood serum and other biological fluids on the background of fractures of tubular bones in animals. They do not allow us to fully assess the effectiveness of postoperative treatment for the degree of resistance of the formed callus to mechanical stress. Therefore, a methodology has been developed that suggests a more objective answer to this question.

It is known that microcirculation is, on the one hand, the central component that responds to dynamic changes in hypoxia, on the other hand, the central place where hypoxia mediates its adverse effects.

The role of vessels of the peripheral part of the microcirculatory bed in the formation of adaptation processes, their changes in different stages of training of white rats of different-sex remains the least studied issue, which is discussed in a few studies.

In this connection, the aim of the work was to study the effect of interval hypoxic training on the state of skin microcirculation in heterosexual rats in an experiment.

The study was conducted on white male and female Wistar rats, weighing 210-240 g. To achieve this goal, the state of the dynamic characteristics of blood microcirculation were studied: PM (constant perfusion parameter, p. u.), σ (standard deviation of the amplitude of the perfusion oscillation, p.u.) and Kv (coefficient of variation, %), all that provided an opportunity to analyze the general state of blood microcirculation. The amplitude-frequency spectrum of perfusion oscillations was also evaluated. The values of the amplitudes of the microvascular blood flow oscillations were determined by the mean square deviation of the blood flow oscillations. A non-invasive method for quantifying microvascular perfusion was used.

As a result of the study, it was shown that in male rats, compared with females, the perfusion index (PM) increases by 1.5 times, on the 1st day, with a decrease in the coefficient of variation (Kv) and an increase in the standard deviation (σ = 0.64 p.u.), which indicates an increased vascular tone of the microcirculatory bed.

The results obtained showed that during the formation of a compensatory reaction of the body to hypoxic exposure in female rats, as well as in male rats, on the 7th-14th day of the experiment, there was an inhibition of microcirculation up to 50% compared to this value before exposure. It is noted that the predominant role in the regulation of microcirculation belongs to the factor of passive regulation of microcirculation — cardiac, which is characterized by periodic changes in the volume of blood in the vessel, with a simultaneous increase in the parameter of the arithmetic mean perfusion rate. Thus, the leading mechanism for regulating vascular tone under the influence of simulated hypoxia, the nature of changes in blood volume in arterioles is determined by the pulse wave.

The article is devoted to the study of the bacterial composition of the rumen microbiome of cows in order to differentiate Clostridium bacteria in the rumen contents, depending on the productivity and type of feeding. The research topic is relevant, since the rumen microbiome of cows directly affects the physiological parameters of both dairy herd and fattening cows. Some enterotoxinproducing gram-positive obligate anaerobic bacteria of the Clostridia class are often the cause of the development of histotoxic infections. However, it must be understood that most clostridia are not at all causative agents of infectious diseases, but are involved in metabolic processes in the rumen, contributing to the maintenance of vital activity and contributing to an increase in agricultural production. The NGS-sequencing method used in the study of the rumen microbiome of two groups of cows - fattening cows and dairy cows - has great diagnostic value. The results of the study are summarized in Table 1. The taxonomic affiliation of microorganisms to genus was determined using the RDP Classifier program (http://rdp.cme.msu.edu/). In the study of samples obtained from fattening cows, the most common representative of the Ruminococcaceae family, the bacterium Clostridium viride, the content of which reached 2.6% of all microorganisms found in the contents of the rumen of cows. This bacterium has ammonia, acetate, propionate, butyrate and valerate as fermentation products (depending on the growth substrate), which is of great importance for the physiological parameters of cattle, since it affects the growth and development of rumen villi. In samples obtained from dairy cows, the number of these bacteria reached 2.1% of all detected microorganisms.

The vascular system has significant physiological lability for timely blood flow and filling the walls with nutrients, therefore, the functioning of the oviduct is closely related to the activity of blood vessels. An important role in this belongs to the arterial system, which performs transport, trophic, homeostatic, protective, excretory functions and gas exchange. The Purpose of our research is to study the sources of arterial vascularization of the oviduct in the Italian goose. The objects of the study were carcasses of Italian goose (female) at the age of 160-180 days in the amount of 5 pieces. In the studied bird species, extraorgan (cranial, middle and caudal protein, cranial and caudal uterine), main (dorsal and ventral oviducts), and intraorgan (craniolateral right and left, caudoventral, and cranioventral uterine) arteries participate in oviduct vascularization. Arterial vessels are involved in intensive blood supply to each part of the oviduct, which performs strictly defined functions. The General principle of vascularization of the oviduct, as a tube-like organ, is that all the arteries entering from its dorsal edge participate in the formation of the dorsal oviduct artery, which runs parallel to its long axis, and the ventral edge passes the ventral oviduct artery. From these arteries, vessels extend to the lateral surface of the oviduct, covering it in a ring-like manner and forming many anastomoses between them.

The right transverse muscle is located in the cavity of the right ventricle and performs a number of vital functions, namely, as part of the synoventricular system of the heart, it participates in conducting a nerve impulse to the interventricular septum and lateral wall of the right ventricle; contributes to the elimination of blood during contraction of the right ventricle, and also prevents excessive stretching of the cavity of the right ventricle when it is filled with blood during diastole.

The study of the right septomarginal trabecula of the heart of an Anglo-Nubian goat was carried out on the basis of the Department of Animal Anatomy of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine. The dated material was delivered from the farm of the Moscow region of the Russian Federation "Gzhelpodvorie. To determine the growth rate, the material under study was divided into three age groups. A total of 15 animal corpses were taken.

During the study, the following techniques were used: fine anatomical preparation, morphometry, as well as the manufacture of histological preparations. For histological examination, heart tissue was fixed in a 10% solution of neutral formalin for 24 hours, after which it was embedded in paraffin according to the generally accepted method. Then sections were made with a thickness of 5-7 μm. For microscopic examination, sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Morphometry of the right septomarginal trabecula was performed using an electronic caliper "Tamo professional" with a graduation of 0.05 mm.

In our work, we established the features of the histological structure of the right septomarginal trabecula, established the morphometric data of the right septomarginal trabecula in the age aspect, and determined its main growth rates. Also in our work, we provide topographic data on the anatomy of the right transverse muscle in an Anglo-Nubian goat.

Today, there is a significant increase in the industrial production of pork in Russia [12].

At the same time, according to literature sources [2, 3, 9], feed and food raw materials are susceptible to contamination with mycotoxins in most countries.

The aim of our work was to determine the presence of mycotoxins in the feed supplied to pig farms and to study the effect of even insignificant (below the MDU) concentrations of mycotoxins in feed on the biochemical processes of pig heads of different age groups.

The research was carried out at one of the large pig farms in the North-Western region of Russia and at the Department of Pathophysiology of the St. Petersburg State Medical University.

As a result of the research, the dynamic effect of mycotoxins in compound feeds on the biochemical processes in piglets was established.

Ecdysteroids are a group of polyhydroxylated steroid compounds, which are one of the most widespread and numerous families of steroid compounds in the biosphere and possess a variety of biological activities: adaptogenic, anabolic, antitoxic, stress and organoprotective, antidiabetic, etc. For physiological studies, a lattice active clathrate complex (CC) of 20-hydroxyecdysterone (20 -HE) was created based on the synthesis of a supramolecular compound with arabinogalactan (AG) by clathration. The aim of the study was to assess the physiological status of the organism of Wistar rats after administration of CС 20-HE with AG. The experiments were carried out on 110 male and female rats. The rats were divided into 4 groups. Group I rats were injected with an aqueous solution of AG; Group II - CC 20- HE with AH at a dose of 1.0 mg / kg; Group III - CC 20-HE with AG at a dose of 5.0 mg / kg. It has been shown in rats that the administration of CC 20-HE with AG at doses of 1.0 and 5.0 mg / kg promotes the intensification of metabolism, in particular, lipid metabolism improves, and biosynthetic and bioenergetic processes in their bodies are enhanced. The increase in anabolic processes in the body of rats of the experimental groups is evidenced by data on an increased level of total protein and albumin, a higher activity of creatine kinase and alkaline phosphatase against a background of low concentrations of urea, triglycerides and cholesterol. In rats receiving CC 20-HE with AG, an increase in bioenergetic processes was noted towards the most effective aerobic phase of energy production in order to provide equivalents of an increasing energy-consuming protein-synthesizing system. It should be noted that the best results were obtained at a dose of 1.0 mg / kg of body weight in rats.

Due to insufficient data of antimicrobial agents influence on the physiological state of birds the study of the influence of Enrofloxacin in doses of 200 and 100 mg/l on white blood parameters at the roosters of the cross "Haysex Brown" (at the conditions of experimental infection with Salmonella infantis culture) was carried out. Four groups of roosters were involved in the experiment, I – a control group, II and III, received the drug in doses of 200 mg/l and 100 mg/l the day before and during the next three days: group IV was subjected to experimental infection without further treatment. Blood was taken from all groups on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th day after infection. In the course of the study the number of leukocytes and leukogram was determined with the subsequent calculation of the leukocyte index, Krebs index and immunoresponsiveness index data. Significant statistically reliable changes in all groups in comparison with the control were registered throughout the whole experience, which indicates a low activity of the used doses of Enrofloxacin against the strain Salmonella infantis. An increase in the number of leukocytes in the blood of chicks of all experimental groups, as well as serious dynamic fluctuations in leukocyte indexes reflect the development of a strong infectious process in the chicks. The most highly reliable changes were found in the immunoreactivity index data, where the values of the experimental groups were several times lower relative to control. In addition, the use of enrofloxacin at a dose of 100 mg/l had some suppressive effect on the immune reactions in the chicks of the third group.

The health status of individual reproductive organ and the reproductive system as a whole is of exceptional importance. It is especially true for the last stage of the labor process, when the placenta is separated, the cervical canal is largely open, which creates a "gateway" for infection, and the clinical picture is exacerbated against the background of reduced immunity and hypoelementosis of Ca, P, Fe, Se. The study was carried out on the basis of Kaluzhskoe JV LLC, which has the status of a pedigree reproducer for breeding Holstein cattle, on 45 cows of a new calving group with a live weight of 550-600 kg with an average milk yield of 9000 liters. The article analyzes three treatment regimens in two experimental and one control groups of cows with acute postpartum endometritis. Two experimental groups of cows were treated with antibiotic, uterine contraction drugs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. For the first experimental group additionally were used intrauterine drugs. For the control group was used non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and rectal massage of the uterus. As a result of the study it was established that estrus in cow of the first group occurred earlier than in the second, but fertilization in the second groups was 13,3 % higher, than in first. The reason is the introduction of intrauterine medicinal solutions that violate the natural microflora of the uterus, endometrial injuries and the penetration of pathogenic microflora from the vulva during manipulation. The absence of antibiotics and uterine contraction drugs in the treatment regimen of cows in the control group was the reason for low reproduction rates.

One of the important and decisive factors in the development of animal husbandry are helminthiases, leading to a decrease in productivity and death of animals. The study of the state of the biocenosis of pastures is the primary task of research, focused on increasing productivity of ruminantes when grazing. A number of researchers have demonstrated the effects of single-species and mixed group grazing, as well as the influence of the species composition and feeding behavior of animals on the state of the biocenosis, however, the influence of the nature of the pasture when grazing cattle on dry and low-lying (flooded) pastures, despite its obvious nature, has not been studied enough. The work demonstrates the dynamics of oribatid mites, molluscs, ants - intermediate hosts of helminths on various types of pastures in the central region of the NonBlack Earth Zone of the Russian Federation. To obtain primary data on the population density of biotopes, the areal method, the method of taking standard soil samples and direct counting of dead individuals were used. The results obtained indicate the presence of seasonal dynamics of the density and infestation of intermediate hosts: in the grazing period, the peak of invasion is reached by the beginning of September, and the minimum percentage of the population by intermediate hosts of helminths occurs in May. An inverse relationship was also demonstrated between the density of intermediate hosts and their percentage of infestation. Thus, in the grazing period, the peak of the density and infestation of intermediate hosts is reached by the end of August, the beginning of September, and the minimum percentage of infestation corresponds to May and October. The dynamics of infestation by larvae of helminths and the density of intermediate hosts is an important indicator that must be considered for the development of prevention of helminthiases when grazing cattle.

At the moment, methods aimed at activating the endogenous defense mechanisms of animals, seem to be promising in the prevention and treatment of mastitis. One of them is the method of local antigenic stimulation. Its advantages include a fairly long period of protection from the disease, the absence of any effect on the dairy products obtained, and, most importantly, the absence of adaptive mechanisms in the causative agents of mastitis. The primary link in the formation of local immunity of the mammary gland is antigen-presenting cells of a makrophageal nature, it’s role is presumably perceive the action of thermostable antigens and induce a further reaction of the immune system. This article discusses the formation of local immune response in the mammary glands of experimental mice. The main goal of this study was to compare the indicators obtained as a result of the treatment of mice with various thermostable antigens and the indicators of non-immunized individuals. Based on the results of the experiment, we obtained data showing that the number of macrophages in immunized mice in all experimental groups significantly exceeds the number of macrophages in mice in the control group. Our studies allow us to reveal some aspects of the mechanism of action of the studied method of treating mastitis, which opens up further prospects for recommending it for mass use in veterinary practice, since the number of macrophages in immunized mice of the experimental group significantly exceeds the number of macrophages in untreated mice of the control group.

Studies of morphological changes in the pancreas in a raccoon dog living in the radiation area of the 30-km exclusion zone of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant are relevant and new not only in Belarus, but also in the world, since on a global scale in this direction on the territory of the reserve (since the day of its education) by domestic and foreign scientists, scientific research in this direction has not been carried out. The aim of the study was to analyze the histopathological studies of the pancreas in a raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in a radiation area (the territory of the Belarusian sector of the exclusion zone). During the research, 7 adult animals (over 3 years old) were used. The terminology of the described histological structures of the spleen was given in accordance with the International Histological Nomenclature.

In the laboratory of spectrometry and radiochemistry of the state environmental research institution "Polesie State RadiationEcological Reserve", using the gamma-beta spectrometer MKS-AT1315 (certificate No). tissue content of cesium-137 and strontium90 were examined. Special attention was paid to histological sections of the pancreas in two specimens 15-EC-08-19 (sample no. 1139, 1140) and 15-EC-06-19 (sample no. 1769, 1770), since their muscles and bones have the highest content of radionuclides, especially cesium-137.

As a result of the histological studies, it was found that in 43% of the individuals there is serous edema of the pancreatic parenchyma, in 71% of raccoon dogs, pancreatic lipomatosis is observed, and in 100% of cases, pancreatic sclerosis is observed.

It was established for the first time that a raccoon dog living in a radiation zone is characterized by chronic pancreatitis, which is characterized by serous inflammatory edema of the glandular tissue with signs of destruction, atrophy, sclerosis and lipomatosis of the glandular tissue.

One of the most developing modern areas of regenerative medicine is stem cell therapy. Each such cell is capable of unlimited or partially limited self-renewal and the formation of several types of differentiated healthy offspring. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most suitable for cell therapy. MSCs have the following positive properties that allow these cells to promote axonal regeneration: secretion of various neurotrophic factors and cytokines, the ability to differentiate in various directions, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects. Our studies have shown that primary cultures of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from adipose tissue and tooth pulp have similar morphophenotypic characteristics and express MSCs-specific markers CD44, CD29, and Thy-1.

One day after cell culture, the attached cells obtained from adipose tissue had an elongated shape with several processes, were located singly or in small groups. With further cultivation, these cells began to divide and spread out on the surface of the plastic, increasing in size. The primary culture of MSCs obtained from the tooth pulp began to appear after 5-10 days, migrating from the enzymatically digested tissue attached to the bottom of the tablet. The viability of MSCs obtained from adipose tissue and pulp of a pig's tooth by the 3rd passage was at least 96%.

Taking into account the results obtained in cell culture, it can be expected that when introducing neuronal progenitor cells derived from MSCs into the area of the damaged segment of the spinal cord, they will actively contribute to the regeneration of nervous tissue and the restoration of its functionality.

Тhe purpose of our research is to study the peculiarities of the branching of arterial vessels of the thoracic and pelvic cavities in the long-tailed owl and the goshawk. The objects of the study were carcasses of adult wild birds, which were hunted by hunters under licenses in the spring-autumn period. For the manufacture of angiosteotopic preparations of the arterial system, self-hardening plastic of the acrylic series "Belokril" was used. High-grade oil paints were added to the monomer to give the vessels the desired color. As a result of our studies, we found that the aorta emerges from the left ventricle of the heart, forming the aortic arch and passing into the descending aorta, which is divided into the ascending aorta, the aortic arch and the descending aorta. The right and left brachiocephalic trunks extend from the ascending part of the aorta. From each brachiocephalic trunk the vertebral trunk, sternoclavicular, dorsal coracoid, and internal thoracic arteries sequentially depart. The main main vessel in the lumbar spine is the descending aorta, from which the external iliac, paired cranial renal and lumbar arteries depart. After the discharge of the external iliac artery, the descending aorta is called the middle sacral artery. From the middle sacral artery in the caudolateral direction, the sciatic right and left arteries depart, forming deep vascular impressions on the ventral surface of the kidneys. The middle and caudal renal arteries depart from the sciatic arteries into the corresponding lobes of the kidneys. After the sciatic artery leaves, the descending aorta is called the middle sacral artery, which runs caudally towards the cloaca and is called the middle tail artery.

The thyroid and adrenal glands are one of the most important organs of humoral secretion. The hormones produced by them take an active part in the growth and development of the animal body. Thyroid hormones accelerate metabolism in many tissues, enhance the catecholamine response, have positive inotropic and chronotropic effects, and produce catabolic effects on muscle and adipose tissue. In addition, they contribute to normal growth and physiological development. Diseases of the thyroid gland and adrenal glands in small Pets are not uncommon. For a timely diagnosis and control of the effectiveness of treatment (in the case of the development of the disease), it is necessary to know the level of hormones, and the lack of normative indicators of thyroid and corticosteroid hormones in cats interferes with full diagnosis and therapy. We conducted a study to determine the parameters of thyroid and adrenal hormones in healthy animals. The endocrine glands activity in cats was studied in Belgorod veterinary clinics. Animals for the formation of groups were selected taking into account the age, conditions of keeping and feeding, the results of clinical examination; differentiated groups according to breed characteristics.The animals were examined, palpated, and their hormonal status was investigated. From healthy (according to the results of clinical examination) cats, blood was taken to determine the concentration of thyroid and corticosteroid hormones. Parameters of thyroidstimulating hormone, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol in General and free forms were determined. The results of the study determined the activity of the thyroid and adrenal glands in cats of different breeds. The data obtained allow us to talk about breed differences in the levels of thyroid and adrenal hormones. The highest indicators of thyroid and corticosteroid hormones were found in the Persian breed group, and the lowest in the Abyssinian group.

In the modern world, sheep farming is one of the leading areas of cattle breeding. Large holdings that focus on raising sheep, quite often meet with problems of diseases of the digestive system. Sheep of the edilbaevskoy breed are one of the most common breeds. A detailed study of all the organs of the animal will give a more correct approach to the treatment of non-infectious diseases of the digestive system. For adequate treatment, surgical access and differentiation of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, the veterinarian must clearly know the topography of the intestine, the patterns of its blood supply to the intestine as a hollow organ. For this we have conducted a series of studies demonstrating age-related changes of the blood supply to the small intestine and the regularities of the branching arteries of the small intestine in sheep edilbaevskoy. The basis for the study was the Department of Animal Anatomy of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine, the material for the study was obtained from healthy animals from a farm in the Leningrad region. Three groups of different ages were formed to conduct the study. The first group is newborn animals up to 14 days old. The second group – young animals of 5-7 months of age. The third group includes animals from one year and older. The conducted research includes the complex anatomical methods: waterintensive, subtle anatomical dissection, photography, morphometry. In the conducted studies, we first established the architectonics of the arterial bed of the small intestine of Edilbaevsky sheep in different age categories. It can be noted that the obtained data have general anatomical patterns of the course of vascular branching, characteristic of ruminants. Sheep edilbaevskoy are characterized by pronounced breed features topographic relationship of the body to the neighboring anatomical structures of the abdomen.

Studies of postnatal histogenesis of the glandular part of the stomach against the background of the growth-stimulating effect of M -Feed are relevant for an objective assessment of the health and viability of birds of industrial crosses. The article presents the results of a comparative morphological study of the histostructure of the glandular stomach of broiler chickens of the Cobb-500 cross against the background of the growthstimulating effect of M-Feed in postnatal ontogenesis. The work uses histological, morphometric and statistical methods of research with subsequent analysis of digital material. The object of the study was the glandular part of the stomach of broiler chickens of the Cobb-500 cross (n=100), the bird was purchased from JSC "Poultry Farm" Chamzinskaya" Republic of Mordovia. The control and experimental groups were formed according to the principle of analogues. The conditions of feeding and maintenance corresponded to the norms of the VNITIP for this cross. It was found that when administered daily in the diet, from 10 to 42 days of age, the M-Feed feed supplement stimulates the morphogenesis and histogenesis of the stomach. Postnatal histogenesis of the glandular part of the stomach against the background of the growthstimulating effect of M-Feed is characterized by an increase in the thickness of the organ wall, its membranes, adaptive transformations of organ-specific structures and secretory epithelium. Postnatal histogenesis of the glandular part of the stomach against the background of the growth-stimulating effect of M-Feed is characterized by an increase in the thickness of the organ wall by 14.4 %, its membranes: mucosa by 13.5 %, muscle by 20.7 % (p < 0.05).In the morphogenesis of the mucous membrane of the glandular part of the stomach of broiler chickens during the fattening period, against the background of the growth-stimulating effect of M-Feed, two stages are distinguished. The first stage (21 days) is characterized by the maximum relative increase in Brody of the main organ -specific structures. The second stage (28-35 days) – a stable high growth of the lamina proper, gastric pits, muscle plate, submucosal base and glandular lobes of the deep glands. Due to the two-stage age adjustment, the proportion of glandular structures in the stomach of birds in the experiment increases by 15 %(p < 0.05), which creates the basis for changing the secretory function of the organ.

The article presents data on the diagnostic value of the indigenous microbiota in providing colonization resistance of the body in inflammatory processes. It is shown that the probiotic microbiota in the body of animals forms a stable colonization resistance, which prevents the development of various dysbiotic disorders that cause the occurrence of pathologies. The totality of microorganisms in the body's biotopes should be considered as an integral microbial ecosystem. Conditionally pathogenic microorganisms can remain in the microbial ecosystem, in such quantities that do not pose a great danger to their host. However, the development of adverse factors leads to a violation of the ecological system and, accordingly, leads to a change in the balance between the obligate and facultative microbiota. Often, an increase in the number of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms leads to the development of the disease, or its complication. Therefore, to effectively combat purulentinflammatory processes, it is necessary to form optimally balanced microbiocenoses in the body's biotopes with the help of biological products. The use of probiotics in the complex treatment of purulent-inflammatory processes is an evolutionarily justified approach, which requires further study to determine the indications for their widespread use.

On the basis of the Department of Animal Anatomy of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine, we examined 10 corpses of sheep of the Edilbaevsky breed aged one year and older. The cadaveric material for the study was the preventricles of small cattle, namely, the rumen. In the course of the study, histological and morphological data were obtained and processed, as well as the features of the histostructures of the rumen wall of Edilbaevskaya sheep in postnatal ontogenesis were revealed. In our study, we used a set of traditional histological methods and staining: hematoxylin-eosin and trichrome Masson. The rumen, by its function, is a depot for the temporary preservation of incoming food from the oral cavity. In the rumen cavity, factors such as temperature, pH, and a certain ionic composition create optimal conditions for the development of microflora and the absorption of bacterial fermentation products. The normal physiological state of this part of the multicameral stomach is responsible for many indicators of the animal's productivity. Like the entire digestive tract, the rumen in sheep of the Edilbaevsky breed has three shells in its structure: mucous, muscular and serous. The surface of the mucous membrane of the scar is lined with a multi-layered flat epithelium of the skin type with papillary relief. In the mucous membrane of the muscle is no record in this regard, the loose connective tissue of the lamina propria submucosa goes into the Foundation without visible boundaries. Papillae are formed in postnatal ontogenesis, during the transition from milk feeding to coarse feeding. The muscular shell of the wall of the first pre-ventricle is represented by two layers of smooth muscle tissue: internal and external. Striated fibers are present at the entrance of the esophageal gutter to the scar. The serous membrane of the scar is represented by a loose fibrous connective tissue covered with mesothelium on the outside, as in other parts of the digestive tract.

At present, aspiration pneumonia and aspiration pneumonitis is an urgent problem in the diagnosis and therapy of animals. To make a diagnosis, an integral part is the collection of anamnesis, which is not always possible to establish accurately. In this regard, it is necessary to detect some markers of the manifestation of aspiration pneumonia, which can be visualized on the radiograph and compared with the clinical manifestations. Most often, in the diagnosis of pneumonia, X-ray examination is used, which provides a fairly large amount of information about the state of the lung tissue at the moment, if necessary, special research methods are used, such as computed tomography and ultrasound diagnostics.

The article presents data on the clinical examination of animals with aspiration pneumonia using X-ray methods and data on the diameter of the main bronchi in dogs. In the domestic literature, there are no studies on this topic in animals, which is a rather negative factor in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

The objects of the study were animals with clinical signs of aspiration pneumonia, radiographs of animals such as dogs, cats, rabbits, CT studies of dogs without pathologies of the respiratory system.

The aim of the research was to study the anatomical and histological features of the structure of the East European hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor Linnaeus, 1758) in postnatal ontogenesis. When conducting scientific research, 5 animals in each age group were used, which led to the study of 20 hedgehogs in order to establish the anatomical, topographic, morphometric and histological features of the spleen in the most important periods of postnatal ontogenesis, associated with the determining physiological processes of the body. The terminology of the described histological structures of the spleen was given in accordance with the International Histological Nomenclature. All digital data obtained in the course of morphological and experimental studies were statistically processed using the computer software professional statistical package «IBM SPSS Statistics 21» and the computer program «Microsoft Office Excel».

In a hedgehog, the spleen is a typical organ of hematopoiesis, from the surface it is cherry-colored and red-brown on the cut, with an elastic consistency. The splenic stroma is formed by a capsule and trabeculae extending from it. In the hedgehog spleen, white and red pulps are secreted. Lymphoid nodules are indistinctly delimited from the red pulp; their sections are almost always ellipsoidal. Numerous giant cells, megakaryocytes, are located between the splenic pulp cords. The size of megakaryocytes in the spleen of the white-breasted hedgehog varies from 45 to 80 microns. The size of megakaryocytes in the spleen of the white-breasted hedgehog varies from 45 to 80 microns.

It has been established for the first time that extramedullary hematopoiesis, which arises from the red pulp of the spleen, is characteristic (in the norm) for the East European hedgehog living in the territory of the Republic of Belarus.

In dogs, such hereditary limb pathologies as chondrodysplasia, achondroplasia, pseudoachondroplasia and dysplasia of the elbow joint are known. This paper reviews the literature on hereditary limb pathologies: chondrodysplasia, achondroplasia, pseudoachondroplasia, anomaly of the forelimb (FA / EA), dysplasia of the elbow joint. Differential diagnosis is required as the abnormalities have similar clinical features in dogs. To understand their differences, a summary table was compiled, including the following sections: name, general disorders, clinical signs, additional signs, mutations and breeds in which the anomaly occurs.

It was found that the clinical picture is similar and manifests itself in the form of curvature of the forelimbs at the age of up to 1 year, however, the etiology of the diseases has significant differences. Mutations identified on CFA 12 and CFA18 vary, as well as different breed predisposition. Genetic tests for these anomalies have not been developed, therefore the main diagnostic methods can be examination, observation, fluoroscopy. Thus, the study, generalization, systematization of similar pathologies by etiology, age of manifestation, various features and type of inheritance is relevant.

The study was conducted at the Department of animal anatomy of the Saint Petersburg state University of veterinary medicine. Cadaver material for the study was delivered from the Idavang agro pig breeding complex in Nurma, Tosnensky district of the Leningrad region. The objects for this study were newborn piglets at the age of one day. A sample of piglets ' liver was subjected to histological examination. The material was fixed in a 10% solution of neutral formalin for 24 hours, after which it was poured into paraffin according to the generally accepted method. Then sections 5-7 microns thick were made, which were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome in order to detect collagen fibers. Some sections were stained with Alcian blue (pH 2.5) followed by Mayer's hematoxylin and tolluidine blue. Histological preparations were analyzed using a Carl Zeiss Axio Skop 2 plus light-optical microscope (Germany) at magnifications of 40, 100, 200, and 400. The study established histological features of the liver structure of newborn piglets at the age of one day. Unlike sexually mature individuals, this organ at the age of one day has its own characteristic histological features, in particular, an ordered beam structure consisting of large hepatic lobes formed by tightly arranged strands of hepatocytes. Hepatocytes, which form the bulk of the organ parenchyma, are oval and polygonal in shape, with well-defined cell boundaries, abundant fine-grained eosinophilic, sometimes finely vacuolated, almost transparent cytoplasm, and one, less often two centrally located rounded nuclei with evenly distributed, small - and large-lobed chromatin.

Currently, sports and amateur horse breeding are quite developed in our country. Therefore, in our opinion, the diagnosis and treat ment of diseases of the respiratory system does not cease to be an urgent topic of research. When analyzing the literature, we drew attention to the fact that the most common respiratory disease is chronic obstructive bronchitis of horses. We have noted that, despite the rather well-known and described in many literature sources the disease, the problem in horse breeding is not becoming less urgent. At the same time, the state of the immune system is not fully understood.

The purpose of this work is to determine the effect of lactation duration (240 and 340 days), and subsequently the level of feeding ("moderate" and "forced" feeding) in the postpartum period on the involution of the genitals, the timing and quality of the first stage of sexual cycle arousal in highly productive cows. The work was carried out on a breeding farm, cows of the Kholmogorsky breed, aged from 3 to 6 years, with an average weight of 550 kg, after the first and second lactation. It was found that 240-day lactation, moderate lactation from 15 to 32 days after calving, allow a favorable effect on the body, the completion of genital involution (23.3±0.87 days) and the quality of formation of the 1st stage of ovarian cycle arousal (80 %) after calving. 340-day lactation, forced lactation from 15 days after delivery, where the diet contains up to 54.2% of the total nutritional content of concentrates, i.e. they are consumed up to 478 g per 1 kg of milk, leads to an increase in the respiratory rate and pulse, a decrease in the number of scar contractions, a decrease in serum total calcium, carotene, alkaline reserve and sugar, an increase in inorganic phosphorus and total protein (compared to the experimental groups), a delay in the completion of genital involution (44.9±1.20 days), a decrease in the quality of formation of the 1st stage sexual cycle (10 %), culling (90 %).

Despite the development of felinology throughout the world, the domestic cat remains the least studied in terms of the physiology of reproduction. In foreign countries, certain issues of the physiology of reproduction of cats are studied in terms of sperm quality, ovulation in cats, artificial insemination with freshly diluted and frozen-thawed sperm. Despite this, the data of foreign researchers on the quality of native sperm in cats are very contradictory. For the first time in Russia, the physiological characteristics of native sperm of cats of various breeds of domestic selection have been studied. The studied cats belonged to 5 breeds: Maine Coon, British Shorthair, Sphinx, Siberian, Bengal. Each breed had 3 cats, aged from 2 to 5 years. Sperm was collected from cats by electro-ejaculation once every three days. The first three obtained ejaculates from each cat were not taken into account in the study, since in this way the males were introduced into the sexual regime. The ejaculate volume was the highest in Maine Coon cats, which is 0.29 ml more (p˂0.001) from the British Shorthair breed, 0.42 ml more (p˂0.001) from Sphynx males, 0.23 ml more (p˂0.01) from the Siberian breed and 0.44 ml more (p˂0.001) from the Bengal breed. The best sperm activity was observed by us in Bengal cats, which is 0.89 points more than the Maine Coon breed, 1.22 points better than the British Shorthair breed, 1.66 points more (p˂0.05) from the Sphynx and 0.44 points more than Siberian cats. The sperm concentration was the highest in Maine Coon cats, which is 142 million more (p˂0.001) from the British Shorthair breed, 88.45 million more (p˂0.01) from Sphynx cats, 175 million more (p˂0.001) from the Siberian breed and 221.89 million more (p˂0.001) from Bengal cats of domestic selection.

It is impossible to solve the problem of modernization and dynamic development of dairy cattle breeding without qualitative improvement and renewal of the existing livestock. The research was carried out within the framework of two state research programs: "Biotechnology" (sub-program "Development of biological science, biological education and biological industry for 2007-2011 and for the period up to 2020"), "High-tech technologies and equipment for 2016-2020" (sub-program 1 "Innovative Biotechnologies-2020"). The research was conducted on the basis of the branch biotechnological laboratory for reproduction of farm animals of the State Educational Institution "Grodno State Agrarian University". This paper presents the results of studies on the influence of the morphofunctional state of the ovaries on the yield of preimplantation stage embryos in in vitro culture. According to the results of the studies, the morphological parameters of the ovaries were on average: length -33.1±4.62 (lim – 21.3-43.1 mm), width-19.2±1.32 (lim – 10.9-27.1 mm) with a coefficient of variation of 26.6%. The ovarian volume averaged 6.8±0.62 (lim – 3.5 -12.1 cm3). There is a tendency to increase the number of follicles and oocytes in ovaries with a volume of more than 6.0 cm3, while the difference in the number of follicles with a diameter of 2-4 mm is significant (P<0.05). More effective was the use of ovaries with more than 20 follicles and a diameter of 3 to 8 mm. The yield of viable embryos in this case was 20.7-23.2% of the number of fertilized oocytes and significantly exceeded the same indicator for other ovarian groups at P><0.01. The obtained data are of practical significance for the development of technology for obtaining embryos in vitro, the use of which will help to accelerate the selection process and increase the efficiency of breeding work in cattle breeding in general.>˂ 0.05). More effective was the use of ovaries with more than 20 follicles and a diameter of 3 to 8 mm. The yield of viable embryos in this case was 20.7-23.2% of the number of fertilized oocytes and significantly exceeded the same indicator for other ovarian groups at P˂ 0.01.

The obtained data are of practical significance for the development of technology for obtaining embryos in vitro, the use of which will help to accelerate the selection process and increase the efficiency of breeding work in cattle breeding in general.

The paper presents the results of studies on the effect of exogenous regulation of folliculogenesis on the efficiency of obtaining embryos in culture in vitro. The research was carried out within the framework of the state program of scientific research "Scienceintensive technologies and equipment for 2016-2020" (subprogram 1 "Innovative biotechnology-2020"). The research was carried out on the basis of the branch biotechnological laboratory for the reproduction of farm animals of the EE "Grodno State Agrarian University". It was found that the number of aspirated follicles per aspiration increased in stimulated animals compared to the control group by 19.2-39.7%. The number of oocytes suitable for staging for maturation increased only in the groups treated with FSHsuper at a dose of 12.5 and 50 Arm units by 4.1 and 3.4 p.p., respectively. The crushing rate was also lower in the control group by 2.2-6.6%. In terms of embryo yield, calculated on the basis of the number of fertilized oocytes, the control group was slightly better - by 2.3-2.6 p.p. or 25.5% vs. 20.9%, 23.2% and 23.2% when using 12.5, 25 and 50 arm units, respectively. When donors were stimulated with the hormonal preparation Pluset, by the number of aspirated follicles, the difference in favor of the experimental groups was 4.6-68.7%, by the yield of suitable cells the indices were somewhat equalized and the advantage of the experimental groups was only 1.4-7.8 p.p. The control group exceeded the experimental groups by 1-7-10.0 p.p. in the number of crushed embryos. Embryo yield in the control group was 21.7% versus 24.4% in group 1, 22.9% in group 2, and 18.0% in group 3. Removal of follicles greater than 6 mm reduced the number of aspirated follicles by 33.7%, increased the yield of usable cells by 4.7 p.p. and the embryo yield from the number of fertilized oocytes by 3.1 p.p. Removal of the dominant follicle increased the number of aspirated follicles by 40.9% the yield of viable oocytes by 5.2 p.p., the crushing rate by 7.8 p.p. and the embryo yield by 5.0 p.p.

The data obtained are of practical significance for the development of the technology of obtaining embryos in vitro, the use of which will accelerate the breeding process and improve the efficiency of selection and breeding work in cattle breeding in general.

Main indicators of good productivity of number of sows on pig farms are: high percent of successful insemination, number of fetuses and vitality of piglets. Now there is no universal methods of diagnostics of fertility that can be used on practice. The reproductive potential of each pig is judged after the fact, after the first or second farrowing. That is why, an indirect judgment about the future productivity of gilts through the determination of hormones during puberty can significantly reduce the economic losses for the maintenance of low -producing gilts.

In order to establish the hormonal status of gilts, we determined the concentration of sex hormones (Е2) and Müller-inhibiting hormone in the blood serum.

Our studies of the level of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in blood serum proved the possibility of early assessment of fertility in pigs. This method will allow early culling of low-yielding gilts from the broodstock.

Further development of methods for determining the fertility of pigs, as well as conducting testing for the level of antiMüllerian hormone by ELISA in the mandatory gynecological clinical examination of gilts at pig breeding enterprises is economically feasible and effective.

Horse jumping is a spectacular and popular equestrian sport, but very traumatic. Even a well-trained horse can damage the tendonligamentous apparatus, muscles, joints and even the bones. Knowledges of the etiopathogenesis of the injuries of the horse's distal parts of limbs, caused by the biomechanics of jumping, will reduce the traumatism and speed up the diagnosis. In this regard, it is important to clarify the diversity and frequency of lesions of various structures of the distal parts of the forelimbs in jumping horses, which was the purpose of our study. To achieve this goal, the most significant orthopedic diseases of the distal aspects of forelimbs in jumping horses were identified. The technical issues that predispose the occurrence of pathological processes in the distal aspects of forelimbs were considered.

During the research we examined 50 show jumping horses of various sex, age and breed groups. According to the results of Xray, 60% of the animals had various diseases of the bones. Ultrasonography examination revealed lesions of the superficial digital flexor tendon in 62% of the cases (31 horses out of 50). 22 horses (44%) of the horses had the pathology of the suspensory ligament. 7 horses (14%) had lesions of the deep digital flexor tendon.

Knowledge and further study of the biomechanics of jumping will make it possible to create a set of special exercises that contribute to the training and development of the flexor tendons, strengthening the fetlock ligaments and the muscular process, aimed at reducing the traumatism. The development of a diagnostic algorithm that takes into account the features of trauma of the distal aspects of the forelimbs in jumping horses allows to speed up the process of making the final diagnosis.

Various pathologies in foals, such as abdominal, urogenital, traumatic or orthopedic, as well as endoscopic examination and diagnostic imaging, may require sedation and general anesthesia. However, research shows that foals’ general anesthesia, especially during the first four weeks of their life, is associated with a high mortality rate. This is explained by the fact that they have a number of physiological characteristics that predispose them to the development of side effects from the use of general anesthetics. This requires increased attention to the organization of anesthesia and monitoring the vital condition of neonatal foals during it.

Actuality of the article is based on the importance of disclosing the topic of general anesthesia in foals in the Russian literature - in-depth study of this topic will help reduce complications and unfavorable outcomes.

This work presents a clinical case of a diagnosed fracture of the condyle of the third metacarpal bone in a Soviet heavy draft foal. Using this case as an example, the article describes the features of the use of inhalation and non-inhalation anesthetics in neonatal foals. In present paper also described physiological features of foals, and literary search for the recommended drugs and their dosages was made.

The uniqueness of the described case lies in the fact that during first six weeks after birth, the foal was operated 7 times with the use of combination of inhalation and intravenous anesthetics. The first operation included osteosynthesis to fix the fracture with screws, and the next six procedures included only the change of casts. After 42 days, fracture healing was radiologically confirmed. After a period of rehabilitation, the foal returned to active movement and full life; the development of shortterm and long-term side effects was not identified.

The success of the described work allows to assert that the used in the anesthesia protocols drugs and their dosages are sufficiently effective. The experience of the present work can be recommended for use during foals’ general anesthesia under 1 month of age.